Artwork by David Robinson
 

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January 2009, Volume 20, Number 1

Earthrise: The Spirit of Apollo
In December 1968 the crew of Apollo 8 left the Earth for the Moon
By Michelle Evans

There was not a lot of good going on in 1968. The Tet Offensive is Vietnam started the year off by showing that the United States did not know what it was doing in the war. Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated, followed by presidential hopeful Robert Kennedy. Later in the year, the Democratic National Convention was marred by violence and beatings (including one of our OCSS members). But 1968 was saved by the spectacular mission of Apollo 8, perhaps highlighted by the most amazing photograph ever taken of earth from the moon. On Dec. 11, 2008, the San Diego Air & Space Museum hosted a 40th anniversary reception, attended by crew members Jim Lovell, Bill Anders, and Frank Borman, along with other astronauts, crew members, and staffers who made the mission happen. Get-togethers such as this always allow for humorous stories and never-before-heard yarns from men who long ago made what seemed impossible happen.

Looking Outward: “Welcoming David Robinson”
By Michelle Evans

Every once in a while, we change the look of O.C.Space by adding columns or graphic elements. This year, we replaced our masthead with spectacular artwork by David Robinson. David met us at a recent International Space Development Conference and agreed to provide some graphics for our use. We thank David for his incredible work and generosity. You can see more of his work at www.bambam131.com.

To the Stars: “Hope for the Future”
By Greg Little

What is out there? When will we know? At the moment confirmation was received that other planets have been discovered around distant stars, that part of our inner wonder was answered. There are other bodies out there. However, we still do not know if there are any sentient beings out there. We might be just a blip out there—and possibly an insignificant blip—but the hope is that eventually humankind will understand that the push to the stars is more important and overall more necessary than worrying about our jobs or our cars.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

There are many people who want to see NASA’s funding extended to ensure the space shuttle program continues until a new launch vehicle comes online. This would not only continue our understanding of space, but also limit our reliance on foreign launch vehicles. There are some scientists who would like to see the end of manned spacefight, focusing instead on robotic missions that do not risk lives. However, that line of thinking will only serve to diminish our work in space and actually cause us to go backward in the fields of science, industry, and technology. We do need to protect our space assets, just as we protect our land-based assets.
 

December 2008, Volume 19, Number 12

Goldstone: Deep Space Tracking
OCSS members join with others for a tour of the NASA/JPL antenna complex
By Michelle Evans

Out in the middle of essentially nowhere lies the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, one third of NASA’s Deep Space Network. Coupled with similar complexes in Madrid, Spain, and Canberra, Australia, this complex permits signals to be transmitted to and received from space probes and other craft in our solar system (and, now, beyond). Goldstone is deep in the desert, encompassed by the Ft. Irwin, the U.S. Army’s desert warfare training site. Nearly 30 members from OCSS and the San Diego Space Society moved convoy-like to the facility for a guided tour, done masterfully by Karla Warner. The crown jewel of the tour is the 70-meter dish at the facility’s Mars site. Built in 1966 and expanded in 1988, the dish has supported the Mariner, Voyager and now current Mars missions. A tour of the facility perfectly displays the power and success our space program has brought to our country, to say nothing of helping to create new industries and support services never before thought of but that are now vital to this country and its citizens.

Looking Outward: “A New Administration”
By Michelle Evans

To many, Jan. 20, 2009 will be the greatest day of their lives. An incredibly unpopular president, one some would say was the worst this republic ever had, will turn over control to a brash, young senator from Illinois. But some will point to the fact that George Bush did in fact give the United States new marching orders when he announced the new Project Constellation program. It has been hoped that this new program will return us to the moon and on to Mars. But with the new Obama Administration, the worry among space activists was that the timetable for space shuttle retirement and start of the Ares and Orion programs would be delayed. Since the election, Barack Obama’s staff and circle of advisers made him understand that counting on another country to get to the International Space Station was a bad idea, to say nothing of the fact that it would counter Obama’s assertion that the United States can return to its role of a global leader through peace and prosperity.

To the Stars: “Change We Need”
By Greg Little

Barack Obama ran on a platform of change, but there is quite a bit of change the American people need to exercise as well. Just think of what is going on in space right now: the Space Shuttle Endeavour docked with the International Space Station for some housework; on the space station, urine is being safely turned into drinkable water, preparing the station to double its inhabitants. But, too many people do not realize that. How will the new realities of this nation affect the space program? No one knows. Shuttle launches are relegated to 30-second spots on television, if covered at all. Man’s drive into space is glossed over and then quickly forgotten. Hopefully that can change. It is change we need.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

At this time of year, far too many people purchase binoculars or telescopes for friends or loved ones, not understanding what they are buying. Consequently, these often expensive gifts languish in a garage or closet, deemed either too complicated or not sufficient to satisfy the recipient’s curiosity of the stars. The best advice is to give someone a subscription to Sky & Telescope or Astronomy magazines. This will give them a clearer understanding of what to buy and what to look at once they get the scope appropriate for them. They may also be well advised to consult with local astronomy groups or college instructors to really get a sense of what they want to do.
 

November 2008, Volume 19, Number 11

Postcards From the Future
Where will our road into space take us as our adventure expands beyond Earth?
By Michelle Evans and Ray Montgomery

Those who orbit Earth can easily look down, as the planet passes from day to night, and see civilization illuminated in the dark. How amazing would it be for the same to occur, but this time, for those on Earth looking up at the moon, seeing city lights appear in our nearest neighbor’s dark crescent? Filmmaker Alan Chan’s “Postcards From the Future” shows us how civilization has created a place for itself on the Moon, as well as Mars, and the resulting successes and failures of pushing into the Final Frontier. Sean Everman is part of a crew building the first ever power grid for a colony on the Moon’s north pole. While working, he is comforted by the regular video postcards from his wife, Karen, who was too ill to join him. Besides the inherent optimism shown in this film, Chan shows the youth of today, through Sean’s daughter, Caleigh, that instant gratification is not always the best to go—that working toward a goal can make that success even sweater, in this case Caleigh’s membership in a colonization crew of Mars. Shot with a low budget and in a short timeframe, Chan’s production nevertheless shows us what is possible if we continue to push forward and not get stuck in this risk-averse society in which we find ourselves.

Looking Outward: “The Right of Equality For All”
By Michelle Evans

How can a spacefaring nation be so shortsighted? How can a civilization that has already overcome bigotry and hatred over the past century-plus continue to find new ways to exclude groups of people? California had on the ballot Proposition 8, a law that alters the state’s constitution to prohibit marriage between anyone except a man and a woman. For those of us who realize that it will take everyone, regardless of sex or orientation or background, to get our species into space and thus save it, we can’t understand why there must continue to be groups singled out as less than they are. In order to get our species off this planet, we all need to be working toward that goal.

Orbit
By Jeff Howe

Kip Dawson won a spot on American Space Adventure’s commercial space flight, but through bizarre happenstance, finds himself alone, save for the former astronaut at the controls. Author John Nance (Pandora’s Clock, Medusa’s Child) takes us through a thrilling adventure on orbit, pitting governments and space agencies against one another, holding Dawson’s safety in their hands. Dawson remains unaware of the political hot potato he has become, and the fact that people are reading his journal entries around the world, as he battles one problem after another on his spacecraft, searching for a way to either make it home, or to die with dignity.

To the Stars: “Hoping for the Best”
By Greg Little

How advanced a civilization are we really when we continue to worry about what color clothes your neighbor is wearing, or something else just as trivial? One has to wonder if there are roving bands of space pirates or gangs who rape and pillage their way across the galaxy. However, it is unlikely, since common sense would lead us to realize that if a civilization has the means to become spacefaring, then the nonsensical worry about personal status would disappear in favor of the common good. It is hoped that advanced civilizations work more toward improving education so future generations have it better than the current one.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Jupiter, Venus and the Moon are all in very close proximity, with Venus blazing at -4. Just off to one side, Jupiter is a bright -2.1. For both planets, a low-power eyepiece (50X or 100X) is sufficient. This will also allow you to see four of Jupiter’s moons. Just after midnight, Saturn rises, and then about 75 minutes before sunrise, Mercury can be seen.
 

Students Create Their Futures
The Long Beach Science Fair is a great place for them to show off their work
By Michelle Evans

More than 1,300 entries jostled for space at the annual Long Beach Science Fair, with total attendance pushing 4,000! For several years, this event has brought together enterprising and very bright school kids from across the Los Angeles/Orange County area, showcasing the best that their minds could put together. Each year, exhibits from the Jet Propulsion Lab, the Long Beach Aquarium of the Pacific, and even OCSS entertained and educated children and their parents. Students who stopped by the OCSS booth were asked space questions, with correct answers garnering an ISS sticker. Some of the answers were quite interesting (no, Lance Armstrong was not the first man on the moon, though he has certainly pedaled enough miles to get there). It was another successful science event, one OCSS is proud to support each year.

Looking Outward: "NASA's First 50"
By Michelle Evans

Fifty years ago this month, the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) spawned its larger, better-funded brother, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with the goal of beating the Soviet Union to the moon. Over the following five decades, NASA has not only sent men to the moon, but created an orbiting science lab, sent dozens of probes and other vehicles around this solar system (and beyond), and led the way for development of new materials and scientific and manufacturing processes here on earth that has bettered the human race as a whole. This has all been done for less than 1 percent of the federal budget.

2001 in 2008: A Cinematic Odyssey

To the Stars: "Technological Failure"
By Greg Little

It's rather ironic that thousands of people live within hailing distance of NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, yet ignored the hurricane warnings brought to them through the effort of the men and women who work in that center. Over the past 50 years, NASA scientists have created better and more sophisticated equipment to help the world monitor deadly weather patterns and alert residents when it was time to leave. And yet, when those warnings came, citizens decided for themselves--let their gut tell them--when it was time to leave. Citizens around the world watched each second tick away as powerful hurricanes hit the U.S. Gulf Coast, yet the residents in those areas tuned out these same broadcasts when it was their lives that were most directly affected.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Tens of thousands of years ago, when the human population on this planet was very small (smaller than that of present-day Seattle, for example), a mega volcano in what is now Sumatra exploded, sending 2,800 cubic kilometers of material 30 miles into the atmosphere. The effect was utter destruction for the humans of the time. This begs the question: When will the next event occur, and where? Will it be another massive rift in the earth's crust, or perhaps a falling rock from the stars? Venus, on the first, is a -3.9 in the WSW after sunset, 7 degrees above the horizon. Meanwhile, Jupiter is 64 degrees to the east, at -2.3, and 31 degrees on the 31st. Saturn, at a 1.0, rises two hours before the Sun and 4 on the 31st. On the 31st the Moon is a slim crescent at sunset.
 

Reinventing the Space Age
Rollout of WhiteKnightTwo heralds the beginning of space tourism for all
By Michelle Evans

If everything goes as planned, Virgin Galactic's WhiteKnightTwo and SpaceShipTwo will carry 100,000 passengers a year, from around the world, into space. That is many times more than the nearly 600 professional astronauts and cosmonauts who have worked in space up to this point. WhiteKnightTwo rolled out of its Mojave, California, home to the cheers of reporters and other onlookers. Virgin's Richard Branson and ship designer Burt Rutan of Scaled Composites waved from WhiteKnightTwo's windows, then sprayed the craft down with the traditional douse of champagne. Subscribe to O.C.Space to read the accounts of those who work and fly the machine.

Looking Outward: "Russian Access to ISS"
By Michelle Evans

The space shuttle program is scheduled to end in May 2010 when Endeavour blasts off on mission STS-133. Under current plans, the next U.S. manned space mission rockets into space in 2014--leaving the International Space Station without a supply vehicle for four years. That is, unless the United States and Russia can agree on the proper framework for continued Soyuz missions to ISS. This has been made more complicated by the fact that Soyuz can only carry three passengers--and it does not have the capability to carry large payloads to the station. Also, the International Space Station, despite its name, is mostly a U.S. project, leaving this country without a flag-carrying way of getting up there. Finally, when Russia invaded Georgia--sparking international outcry including from the U.S.--the relations between our two countries became strained. There is movement to allow the shuttle fleet to continue flying until the new Orion spacecraft comes online, but between international relations and a new person sitting in the White House, the future is anyone's guess.

To the Stars: "One to Beam Up"
By Greg Little

It is ironic that the rocket carrying the ashes of James Doohan--Scotty from "Star Trek"--exploded on launch and never made it to space. Had Scotty been in the control room or worked on that rocket, there was no doubt that it would have completed its mission. What is even more surprising is that the news of this mishap appeared in Time magazine. To have such a mainstream publication devote any ink at all to an actor from "Star Trek" speaks volumes of how that show insinuated itself into the very fabric of our country.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Our columnists discusses how the continued stress between Russia and the west does not bode well for our partnership in creating a spacefaring civilization. He adds that Venus is exceptionally bright in the west (-3.8), with Mercury and Jupiter in the morning sky.
 

Journey Toward a Dream
A first-ever bi-coastal downlink with the International Space Station
By Pam Leestma

It takes a great deal to inspire and educate children today, especially with things like the Internet and 24-hour television competing for time. But when students get the chance to really experience an education feat that few can match, their attention is heightened and the rewards that much better. And so it was when students from both southern California and New York participated in a live video conference with Expedition 17 crew member Garrett Reisman. Through cooperation with NASA and with generous help from the City of Bellflower, California, the author's second-grade students and their "buddies" from a partner sixth-grade class were given the chance to ask Reisman questions about life in space. It was the first time two schools participated in such an endeavor together. The program was part of a NASA educator's program that helps teachers use NASA materials in their classrooms.

Looking Outward: "Solar System Warming"
By Michelle Evans

One of the most prevalent theories regarding global warming centers on the release of man-made "greenhouse" gasses, such as carbon dioxide. But one theory that is not getting as much play is the thought that the sun itself might be normally hotter than previously, and that the extra output could be heating up the entire solar system, not just our own planet.

Confessions of a Space Geek and ISS Voyeur
By Debbi Bennett

What wonders space exploration can behold! Rockets blasting into the heavens. Astronauts bounding over rocks on the moon. Crew members ... picking up trash. For those of us with the space gene coursing through our veins, even watching ISS crew members participate in mundane chores is fascinating. And when those chores take place with our magnificent blue orb just outside their window, it makes it that much more thrilling. Even at 2 a.m.

To the Stars: "Solving a Crisis"
By Greg Little

It's hard to believe that no one has taken notice of the incredible history of conservation NASA has undertaken. From getting Apollo 13 home in one piece to keeping the Mars Rovers running past their expiration date, NASA has found ways to stretch its limited resources. However, for the country as a whole, we depend far too much on energy from outside our borders. This country has long established itself as one that can accomplish any goal it sets its sights on, from winning wars to conquering space. If we set ourselves the goal of finding better ways to solve our energy crisis -- other than drilling for more oil -- we might just yet free ourselves to set our sights on even loftier goals.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

There is a movement by the U.S. Senate to increase funding for the space shuttle program, allowing it to continue past May 2010, the current timeline for the program's end. Our columnist urges readers to contact their elected officials to ask that they continue that funding. John also details that Venus is a blazing -3.8 (remember, the lower the number, the brighter the object), and at the end of the month, Mars, Venus and Saturn will all be near each other.
 

Creating a World From Scratch
WALL•E is a cautionary tale of the future, with an intimate message for all
By Michelle Evans

Beautiful star fields. Swirling nebulae. Planets encircled by amazing ring structures. Our own planet swims among them, but something isn’t right. Instead of sparkling oceans and sweeping fields of green, we see a brown and lifeless planet, smoldering under an unrelenting sun filtered through an orbiting menagerie of space junk. Industrialization seems to have taken off, with even more skyscrapers punching the sky. Upon closer examination, we see that these buildings aren’t buildings at all, but rather towers of trash, monuments left over from centuries of waste by the human inhabitants of earth. For the past 700 years, humans have lived among the stars on fancy multigenerational craft, waiting for the time when earth is one again habitable. That’s where WALL•E comes in. The last operating example of the army of Waste Allocation Load Lifter • Earth class robots charged with cleaning up the planet, he keeps chugging away every day, doing what he was programmed for. After time, WALL•E discovers that there is more to “life” than his work. He learns about love, relationships, and how the human race -- now incapable of doing or thinking for themselves -- can be rescued. The message is powerful, even when it is wrapped in the story line of the gentle, yet determined, little robot with a big heart.

Looking Outward: “The Cosmic Question”
By Michelle Evans

He always talks to sold-out, standing-room-only crowds, and his passion for exploration remains unabated. Dr. Stephen Hawking believes that humankind needs to continue to push forward, and powerful leaders need to make it happen. Manned bases on the moon is the next step, since, he says, it is relatively easy to get there. Mars, therefore, is the next logical step. Whether this is for exploration purposes or to ensure the human race continues to spread out to the cosmos to prevent extinction, it does not matter. We need to move out to the stars.

To the Stars: “NASA or Denise”
By Greg Little

Two hours outside Houston, the epicenter of space exploration, and the author can’t get NASA TV on his Time Warner Cable package. Nor can he pay extra to get it. But it is no problem at all should he wish to get the Playboy channel! Every time he gets hope for the future -- like watching his son enjoy old episodes of “The Jetsons” -- he gets another setback. Priorities in this country -- in many areas -- are quite backward, and this is just another example. Education and the propagation of forward-thinking ideas are the silver bullet against the ills that afflict our current society, but the financial bottom line far too often dictates which messages our society sees.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Our columnist points out that the scientific method is far too often used to prove a point, rather than using it for what it is intended -- setting up a hypothesis and then using the method to disprove it. Whether it is the extinction of a species or the discovery of the cause of global warming, it is only through the accurate application of the scientific method that we can get down to the bottom of … well, anything. Venus blazes at -3.9 in the west and sets 50 minutes after sunset. Jupiter and Saturn continue to reside in the sky, and on July 4, Earth will be at its farthest point (94.5 million miles) from the sun.
 

Polar Exploration on Mars
Phoenix successfully rises from the ashes of the Mars Polar Lander
By Michelle Evans

If anyone doubted the fact that Mars is a very difficult destination to reach, just look at the amount of missions that have failed to arrive on that rust-colored planet. Less than half of them made it to the surface. So, when the Phoenix mission touched down after its long journey from Earth, the gathered throng at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, California, was understandably excited. For the first time since 1976 (the Viking missions) NASA successfully landed a craft on Mars using rocket power. Now, the United States has three operational craft on Mars, spread around at different latitudes, gathering valuable data on the Red Planet. Phoenix is at a latitude similar to what would be above Earth’s Arctic Circle, digging up the frozen ground, looking for evidence of a life-sustaining environment. It is hoped that Phoenix will experiment on the soil for the next several months until that area enters into Mars’ winter, freezing the craft, ending its mission.

Looking Outward: “The Space President”
By Michelle Evans

Right at the cusp of the Apollo program, President Kennedy battled through the botched Bay of Pigs invasion, not knowing what would next happen on the global stage. Whether the creation of the Apollo program was made to take the country’s mind off this horrible event or not, Kennedy nonetheless started the United States on a path of space dominance. He was the right president at the right time. However, there are legitimate fears that while we are at another crossroads in space exploration, the next president might not be up to the task. Of the three likely candidates for president, Democrat Barak Obama has gone on record as saying that he will slow, if not stop, progress on space planning. Whether this will happen -- against his advisors’ council -- may present itself very soon.

Making a Difference

OCSS received a copy of a letter sent to our wonderful partners, Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education, from Ibrahim Halil Miraoglu, a university student in Turkey who attended Space Camp Turkey in 2003 thanks to a scholarship from GFTSE. Ibrahim talked about how the experience helped him discover that there is an amazing world out there reached through science education. While at SCT, Ibrahim solidified his plans for the future, which were far from decided when he was in high school. We are proud of the partnership we have forged with these two organizations and are excited to see how they will shape future generations of would-be space students.

To the Stars: “A History Lesson”
By Greg Little

It’s amazing the lessons we can learn from seemingly benign sources. While his son watched “The Jetsons,” the author realized that his own knowledge and enthusiasm about space began with these very same cartoons, and that he hoped his son would also have this same seed germinate in his mind. “The Jetsons” showed us how smart computers, space travel, and advanced technology helped make lives exciting and manageable, even as we took to the stars and set up campgrounds on the moon. Who would have thought that a simple cartoon could carry such a powerful message? After a generation, it still does.

Planearium
By John Goerger

Meade’s mySky provides an added level of space observing, whether mounted independently on a tripod or piggyback on a regular telescope. However, the author has yet to use it as the sky in the Puget Sound area of Washington continues to be cloudy. However, look for updates later. Jupiter will rise later in the month as Saturn sets, while Mars starts to recede unless you have at least at 10-inch scope. June 20 is the first day of summer.
 

Colonizing the Moon and Mars
An intriguing theory suggests we may have limited opportunity to colonize space
By Michelle Evans

Dr. Bruce Cordell from Fullerton College has created a fantastic series on colonizing space, presented in a way that gets the audience to think about just how necessary it is for mankind to continue to push into the stars. In his latest presentation, "Colonizing the Moon and Mars," Dr. Cordell suggests that there are specific windows where society is better geared to reach a new frontier, be it westward expansion, the creation of new trading routes, or blasting into space. These times coincide with stable economic and political climates, but that these areas of stability have the ability to close quickly. The 1960s, for example, saw man step foot for the first time on another stellar neighbor. However, that prosperity collapsed with unrest in the Middle East, rising oil prices, and war in southeast Asia, preventing us from continuing our reach into space. Might that same pattern be developing now?

Looking Outward: "A Matter of Size"
By Michelle Evans

No advanced degree or high level of scientific understanding is required to know that the universe is big. Really, really big. It's so huge, in fact, that simply to try to grasp its size is to reduce what we can see to a ridiculously small scale. For example, if you reduced the Milky Way Galaxy to the size of a grain of salt, the resulting scale of the visible universe would be about 915 feet, or roughly the size of three American football fields. At least this is a size we can all comprehend, but when considering the fantastical reduction in scale, it just goes to show that the universe is quite large.

Long Beach Science Fair

To the Stars: "The Boob Tube"
By Greg Little

What must other alien beings think of our planet and culture if they are indeed receiving our television broadcasts. Images from World War II, the Vietnam War, Sept. 11, and the horror of all horrors, "reality" TV, would make any sentient being seriously doubt Earth's ability to create a true spacefaring civilization.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Our intrepid columnist talks about Meade Telescope's mySky, which is a very good sky observation unit that requires little to know previous telescope knowledge. In fact, you don't even need a 'scope to enjoy the mySky. You just "point and shoot" the unit to objects in the sky, or you can take a tour of what is visible from your area. John also points out that Mercury and Mars are up in the night sky, and by the end of May, Jupiter will blaze at -2.5!
 

Getting Vertical at Kennedy
A first trip for a family to visit the historic sites at the Kennedy Space Center
By Greg Little

"Get Vertical!" the signs scream all the way to the Kennedy Space Center. The history of America's manned space program is showcased in all its splendor in a patch of paved area in the swamps of eastern Florida. Rockets, displays, astronauts, historic buildings -- the imagination bursts with the thoughts of what has gone on here over the past 50 years, and what is yet to come.

Looking Outward: "Arthur C. Clarke"
By Michelle Evans

While last month's article detailing what to do about large, planet-killing asteroids was great, our columnist states that we should not forget what can happen should a smaller object hit a city. The economic damage -- to say nothing about the loss of life -- would still be devastating to a country and possibly the planet. Imagine if an asteroid took out Los Angeles, or New York, or Washington, D.C., or Paris? We can still utilize these rocks for good: Grab a hold of them, and they can serve as an incredibly lucrative source for raw materials.
 

Asteroid Impact: Protecting the Earth
Astronaut Rusty Schweickart shows the dangers posed by rocks from space
By Michelle Evans

It's not a matter of if an asteroid will hit earth, but when. As more evidence is found to support that a six-mile-wide asteroid (or thereabouts) killed the dinosaurs, equal evidence suggests that something similar may happen again. Apollo 9 astronaut Rusty Schweickart joined Fullerton College professor Dr. Bruce Cordell in the campus' first Futures Exploration Series presentation (see our calendar section on this site for upcoming programs). Schweickart talked about one of the better options to keep life-ending asteroids from hitting our planet -- a push/pull system that uses low-power rockets to coax a rock to slow down or change its path. See our newsletter for more details.

Looking Outward: "SpaceShipTwo"
By Michelle Evans

In the first 50 years of spaceflight, we have yet to reach 1,000 astronauts. But if Virgin Galactic has its way, in the next 12 years, 100,000 people will have touched space on flights by SpaceShipTwo or its followers. Imagine! As easy as it is now to hop on a commercial jetliner and wing across the planet, now you will be able to strap into a commercially-built spacecraft and blast above the planet. Late this year or early 2009, expect the future to arrive.

2001 Cinerama Display

When the Pacific Cinerama Dome in Hollywood, California, asked us to take part in the American Film Institute's special showing of "2001: A Space Odyssey," we jumped at the chance. After all, it is one of our favorite movies, and we already demonstrated success with "2001" displays (at the Egyptian Theater in Los Angeles, February 2001). However, we did not realize that this display would go so well. The theater was sold out, with nearly 900 people filtering by the display over a five-hour period. So well received was our presentation that the AFI has asked for our possible assistance for any possible future space-themed movies.

To the Stars: "Telstar Temptation?"
By Greg Little

Our government claims that it shot down an old spy satellite because it contained very dangerous chemicals onboard that could be a threat should it come down in any inhabited areas. However, one has to wonder if we simply shot the craft down to show that we could. Very few in our government care about -- and far fewer understand -- our space program and what it can do for our society. However, the knee-jerk reaction that members of our legislative branch show is sadly indicative of a larger issue: who does our government care about more, us or themselves?

Planetarium
By John Goerger

NASA's budget continues to move forward, with plans to finish the International Space Station, develop a new manned launch vehicle, and establish a lunar base by 2020. It also calls for the retirement of the space shuttle by September 2010, which would create a gap of about four years where the United States has to ask other countries for a lift into space. Politics being what they are, there is always a chance that we could be left at the curb with no ride home. Sadly, other space organizations press for unmanned probes to the planets, but that's just not logical and not an extension of mankind into space.
 

New Mexico Space Competition
The X Prize Cup Air & Space event attracts a smaller than normal crowd
By Ray Montgomery

Competition inspired the Orteig Prize in 1927, won by Charles Lindbergh when he crossed the Atlantic Ocean flying solo. Now, nearly a dozen airlines hop across The Pond between North America and Europe several times a day without giving the feat a second thought. It is hoped that this same competitive fire fuels the conquest of the stars with several space lines taking people to orbit -- or further -- and back again, making it as routine as a hop to Las Vegas for the weekend. The X Prize Cup is billed as an air show of sorts, meant to showcase the future of private spaceflight much as the barnstorming early days of air travel inspired others to take to the sky. While the crowds were not exactly inspiring, it often takes some time before the public is ready to embrace something so different as daily flights to space.

Looking Outward: "A Whole New World"
By Michelle Evans

We have held nearly 70 meetings at the Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, California, since 2001. Over that time, we have hosted space shuttle launches in their video theater, created and managed space and science displays, designed events for the center (including one that brought in the single largest daily attendance to the center up to that time), and arranged for the donation of space simulation equipment worth nearly $1 million. And yet, as time moved on, the attitude from DSC toward OCSS became more and more hostile, culminating in their final refusal to allow us to meet there ever again. They assert that DSC has grown over the years and basically don't need us anymore ("We're not the same science center we were a few years ago," they stated), and that our presence once a month took too much space and resources that could go toward other things. So, after all we have done for them -- including completely saving their summer programming in 2005 -- we were unceremoniously excused from the site. We may seem a little bitter, and perhaps we are, but the good news is that we now have a new meeting location at the Heritage Park Library in Irvine, California, and they are looking forward to seeing what wonderful things we can bring to their facility. Stay tuned to this new adventure!

We Are All Star Stuff
By Jeff Howe

When Carl Sagan said those words, he described how all living things on this planet are made up of the same elements. True, we diversified into plants and mosquitoes and humans and so on, but we're all the same at the elemental level. But far too many of us discount our similarities and the need to live and work together for the health of this planet and for the health of all species on it, regardless of your makeup.

To the Stars: "On Hallowed Grounds"
By Greg Little

It is hard to imagine the size of the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center until you see it up close. The tour bus could fit in one of the stripes of the United States flag painted on the building. It is the third largest building by volume in the world (after Boeing's 747/767/777/787 assembly plant in Everett, Washington, and the Aerium in Brandenburg, Germany), but what has gone on here puts just about every other building in the world to shame. Here, in this behemoth, the start of every American manned mission to space began. You can see its size from miles around, even from cruise ships departing from Port Canaveral to the south. It is truly an awesome site.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

While scientists continue to talk about what hellish situations would erupt on this planet should a large object from space hit here, no one is really talking about smaller objects -- say, the size of a football field. If one of those hit the center of Tokyo, or London, or Washington, D.C., what do you think the consequences would be? Thus, we must continue to push forward with lunar settlements and other outposts of mankind! But, while we are still on this planet, enjoy the total lunar eclipse which will occur on Feb. 20 at 7 p.m. PST.
 

Breaking Ground for the Future
The Columbia Memorial Space Science Learning Center starts to take shape
By Michelle Evans

When one thinks of places where space history were made, obviously the Kennedy Space Center and Houston's Johnson Space Center jump right to the forefront of our minds. But what many people don't know is that a large piece of land in the middle of Downey, California, held just as many formative moments in space history as the other sites. It was here that the foundations of manned spaceflight took root, where the Apollo Command Modules were created. And, later, Downey served as the genesis site for the space shuttle. But, for many years, this site has seen the ravages of time take its toll, with manufacturing moving elsewhere and the site itself slowly turning into a forgotten relic of space past. But that has all started to change as the site will become home of the Columbia Memorial Space Science Learning Center, due to open its doors on Feb. 1, 2009, the sixth anniversary of the tragic loss of the space shuttle Columbia. The site will feature exhibits, displays and more relating to the history of spaceflight, focusing on how Downey led the way. Plus, the facility will house a full-scale Challenger Learning Center, an organization that took its name from another lost orbiter but who has since educated tens of thousands of school kids about science and teambuilding.

Looking Outward: "By Any Other Name"
By Michelle Evans

Diversity is one of the cornerstones of our country. It was built on basic human freedoms, an idea that we have cherished for more than 200 years. In the ongoing battle to keep pushing forward with human space exploration, we have come to understand that it is humankind -- in all its various pieces -- that must survive. Our chapter president embodies that diversity and shows that it's the fight for the survival of our species that is important. So, while the gender may have changed, the person is the same, and the fight continues on -- with incredible support from our organization, its friends, and the space community.

OCSS Holiday Party 2007

OCSS 2007 Annual Review

To the Stars: "A Future of Hope"
By Greg Little

On two different planets, one race of beings embraces its diversity, knowing that all inhabitants are different, and that those differences make the society stronger as a whole. On a neighboring planet, the inhabitants decided long ago that there was a right and wrong way to live and that anyone differing from that format must be cast out. To share in this diversity, and take strength from it, is surely the better way to behave as a species, a fact that the inhabitants hoped would travel to a distant, blue planet, where intolerance was allowed too much prosperity.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

We continue to lament how rising energy costs are hurting developing nations on this planet. Eventually, oil supplies will dwindle, and the cost for the remaining stores will skyrocket. So, why don't we look for other avenues for our insatiable need for energy? An asteroid 1.3 miles across could be worth $40 trillion (mid-1990s figures) and could be mined, transported and refined easier, cheaper and at less risk to our own environment than anything we have on this planet.
 

On the Way to Mars
The 10th annual Mars Society conference is held in Los Angeles
By Ray Montgomery

While it might seem to some that the fervor over Mars exploration has waned, the Mars Society shows that that's far from the truth. Consider their projects: the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) on Devon Island, Canada; the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah; MARS-Oz in the Australian outback; and Euro-MARS in Iceland. All these projects show that an tremendous amount of research on the Red Planet continues to occur here on our Blue Planet, furthering man's understanding of the tasks in front of them should human explorers ever get the chance to touch down on the next planet out. The conference had a few booths set up, talks by NASA scientists and leaders in the Mars movement, including the ever-colorful Dr. Robert Zubrin.

Looking Outward: "The ENDA Game"
By Larry Evans

Discrimination in any form, by any group, hurts humanity as a whole. Whether it is over religion, sexual preference, skin color, or political affiliation, to exclude someone is to do harm at the basic human level. In OCSS, we believe that it is mankind as a whole -- not just heterosexuals, Democrats, or residents of Des Moines -- who need to come together and push for the full-time presence of humans in space. When exploration and progression as a species is the only topic of discussion, the answers will benefit everyone, no matter what they do behind closed doors, what car they drive, or what color hair they have.

Michael Lopez-Alegria Lands in OC

To the Stars: "The Human Touch"
By Greg Little

What would have happened on the International Space Station had there not been a human hand to fix a balky solar array? Could a robot have done the job -- cheaper and at less risk, if you listen to the naysayers? Absolutely not. Sometimes it takes a human hand and a human mind to create a solution and execute it flawlessly, as Dr. Scott Parazynski did on the most recent flight of the space shuttle Discovery. Imagine what humans have done already in space, simply by being there with a human brain and touch? What would have happened to the much-needed INTELSAT communications satellite had three enterprising spacewalkers ventured out of Endeavour on its maiden flight in 1990 and actually grabbed the large piece of hardware with their own hands? The grappling equipment did not work right, so it was a human hand that saved the mission. Robots only take us so far in the space race; humans help us cross the finish line.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Due to a deadline issue, we were unable to get this column into the printed version of O.C.Space. It is included here in its entirety.

Its Christmas, and you want a telescope as a present, or you would like to give one to someone you know, who is interested in astronomy but they do not have a telescope. Wait! Before you run out and pay hundreds or thousands of dollars, take your time and read this column, along with articles that relate to this subject in Astronomy or Sky & Telescope magazines. Some telescopes offered for sale during this time of year are known as “Christmas Trash Telescopes.” They are advertised as having huge magnification capabilities, but the size (diameter of the objective) of the mirror or lens of the telescope is too small for the magnification claimed. The rule is the following: For a telescope with a diameter of only 4 inches, the maximum theoretical magnification limit (power) is 200x, and that is assuming the sky is steady, there's no wind, the sky temperature is cool, with no or low humidity. If the diameter is 8 inches, then multiply 8 by 50 which equals 400x. The Objective dictates the amount of light gathered, thus take a 4-inch and multiply it by itself (4x4=16); however an 8-inch is 64! Greater surface area relates to better clarity or “finer detail” of the objects you are viewing. A refractor (lens-mounted) is twice the cost of a reflector (mirror-mounted). So if you bought an 8-inch reflector telescope it would be the same cost you would pay for a 4-inch refractor. Within the reflector group are telescopes classified as a Schmidt-Cassegrains, a more portable type of scope. Many of them are equipped with a motor drive to compensate for the apparent motion of the sky. Another factor is the “focal length” of the telescope. Take that number and divide it by the number on your eyepiece. The answer is the power of that eyepiece. Do not exceed the maximum for your scope's diameter. Mars, in the east, glows at a -1.3 after sunset. Saturn rises around midnight at a +0.7, and Venus shines at a -4.2 in the early morning eastern sky. The first day of winter is Dec. 21.
 

Tracy Caldwell and Mission STS-118
The first astronaut born after the Apollo 11 landing makes her ride into orbit
By Jeff Howe

From her youth helping her father with electrical projects, to her time in the chemistry labs at Cal State Fullerton, UC Davis and UC Irvine, Dr. Tracy Caldwell had a knack for science and engineering. Those skills propelled her to a seat on Endeavour on mission STS-118.  Caldwell served as Mission Specialist I, taking much needed supplies and the S5 truss to the International Space Station. Raised in Beaumont, California, Caldwell spent a good part of her adult life working in Orange County, and thus has been named an honorary member of OCSS. Her story is one of the most wonderful ones to tell, a story that illustrates how hard work, determination and dedication can take you to unheard-of heights. She is one of the most inspirational people I have ever met, and this article is definitely worth a read.

Looking Outward: "Mine the Blamed Thing"
By Homer Hickam

October Sky author Homer Hickam's response to a Los Angeles Times letter to the editor is reprinted in this issue, with the author's permission. Hickam discusses how, as a boy, he was asked at a rally with President Kennedy just what we should do with asteroids. Hickam, not missing a beat, said, "Mine the blamed thing!" Bear in mind that the rally was at a mine shaft where Hickam and most of his town worked, thus bringing quite a few hoots and laughs from the crowd who was likely all for mining something that could very well bring in considerable money. Hickam goes on to say that it's crazy to think that we wouldn't want to continue to push forward with the space program, for no other reason that there's quite a bit of money to be made out there.

What Do You Want to Do?
By Dr. Tracy Caldwell

While at an event at UC Irvine, Dr. Tracy Caldwell relayed a story that has always hit me close to my heart. When she was nearing the end of high school, Tracy told her parents that she was confused about what direction to take and was hoping for some direction. Her parents asked her, "What do you want to do?" Tracy responded that she always liked animals, so maybe a veterinarian. Or possibly a doctor. They corrected her and said, "No, not what do you want to be, what do you want to do? Figure out the things that you like to do, that make you happy and fulfilled, and find a career avenue that lets you do that." Tracy's response is one of the best on the subject I have ever heard. Anyone confused about their own career path, or for those readers who might have children at home who have reached this same point, this article is a must-read.

To the Stars: "A Sensible Solution"
By Greg Little

When madmen plowed two airplanes into the World Trade Center, there was a group of humans orbiting above, working to create a better existence for all mankind. However, current sentiment is that the space shuttle program is a failure (thanks to the loss of two vehicles), on top of the belief that the war against terrorism is a better place to focus our time and money. However, by escalating the spending and passion for the space program, we can bring these vial lessons back into the forefront of our consciousness and start creating the priorities that are desperately needed.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The discovery and monitoring of near-earth asteroids continues to be a woefully underfunded program. Not only do these rocks pose a serious risk to the planet, but on a more altruistic level, they can be worth a great amount of money if brought into orbit and mined. Also, the tracking of these objects will help ensure that they do not pose a threat to the equipment we already have on orbit, namely the International Space Station and the space shuttle. John also tells us where to find Jupiter, which is bright at -1.8 in the southwest at sunset. Venus is in the east-southeast, practically blazing at -4.4.

This is one of our best issues, and if you missed it, join OCSS!
 

Spacefest and 50 Years of Space
A first-time event is a great hit, even during the grueling heat of an Arizona summer
By Larry Evans

How often are representatives from every Apollo landing mission in one room together? Not often, and thus the added wonder that was Spacefest in Tucson, Arizona. The event even hosted representatives from Skylab! Vendors selling space-related memorabilia and artwork were also on-hand, but it was the moonwalkers that stole the show. Autographs were signed and talks given, for sure, but merely having these amazing men together reminded us all of the awesome power that the space program can bring to a civilization.

Looking Outward: "50 Years and Counting"
By Larry Evans

There were no scientific instruments on Sputnik. No cameras, no mechanisms. Just a whip antenna and a radio, broadcasting a constant beep that reverberated throughout the world. Where have we come in the 50 years since? When Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969, we were all sure that private rockets to space and jet packs for our daily commute would surely be on the near horizon. But, obviously, the space race calmed down. So what will the next 50 years bring? With a renewed interest in space through the International Space Station and the growth of space tourism, maybe we'll finally see those commuting jet packs--for our jobs on the moon.

Apollo County Parks

In the high desert of California, just outside the town of Lancaster off Highway 14 and Avenue G sits Apollo County Parks, a collection of three lakes, each named after the crew members of Apollo 11. Also at the park is the Apollo Command Module boilerplate, owned by the Smithsonian and on loan to the park. There is a chance that the artifact will be transferred to the new Columbia Center in Downey, California, which would make it more accessible to OCSS members.

To the Stars: Culture Change
By Greg Little

When Neil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon, the nation felt immense pride. The United States finally beat the Soviet Union at something in the space race, and on a monumental scale. Since then, we have seen interest in the space program wane. Now, network news broadcasts show small clips of launches, yet devote several times more coverage should something bad occur on a mission, creating the image of spaceflight as horribly expensive and catastrophically dangerous. But, with the International Space Station nearing completion, perhaps a change in attitude toward space will take place, finally drawing us to the moon and Mars.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Changing public opinion about space is difficult. Even when pointed out that the cost for our space program is so low, too many people continue to believe that it is a waste of money, that we can put the money to better use on this planet. There is serious concern that the sciences, especially the space program, will not survive in this country considering the continued attacks on science by religious groups.

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"In the Shadow of the Moon"
The adventure of exploring another world is shown in a fascinating new documentary.
By Larry Evans

Perhaps its release during the 50th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik was a coincidence, but David Sington's "In the Shadow of the Moon" certainly capitalizes on this anniversary, though the incredible quality of completeness of his work allows this production to stand on its own as one of the best chronicles of man's early journey into space. Capturing not only the majesty of walking on the moon, "In the Shadow of the Moon" also recounts the thrilling--and often terrifying--flights these men took on the enormous Saturn V rockets, details that have often been glossed over by previous works. What added to the mastery of this work is the personal views of the astronauts, comments not funneled through the NASA PR machine or rehearsed for a TV special. These men made the trip special, and their remembrances make this production equally so.

Looking Outward: "Go Tracy, Go Barbara!"
By Larry Evans

The August mission of the space shuttle Endeavour on STS-118 not only delivered needed equipment to the International Space Station, but it also carried two very special astronauts: Education Mission Specialist Barbara Morgan, and Mission Specialist Tracy Caldwell. Morgan was Christa McAuliffe's backup for mission STS-51L in January 1986 aboard the shuttle Challenger, and now she has finally been allowed to carry on the great Teacher in Space program Christa championed. Tracy is from Orange County, where she graduated from California State University, Fullerton, before taking on duties in postdoctoral research at the University of California, Irvine. When she was selected by NASA to enter astronaut training (in the same class as Morgan) she was the youngest astronaut on the corps, and the first born after the Apollo 11 landing. Now, they are a part of the great history of manned space exploration, and we congratulate them both.

Summer Picnic Extraordinaire

We always have a great time, and a great turnout for our summer picnic celebration. This year it was even better than previous events in that we were joined by a group of 20 young students from China. Last year, while at Space Camp in Huntsville, our president, Larry Evans, met with its founder, Ed Buckbee. His friend, Anna Wang, brings students each year to the United States for a summer of immersion in English. She asked if we might be able to host a group sometime in the future, and our July 28 picnic this year was just the ticket. OCSS members and the kids shared an afternoon eating lots of American barbecue hot dogs and burgers. Arthur Kienle went above and beyond by bringing his home grill to augment the two at Brookhurst Park. Bob Kline livened up the day with his great rocket launches, while Ray Montgomery shared his love of Tai Chi with the students and their teacher. Thanks to everyone for making this a memorable day for our groups on both sides of the Pacific. 

To the Stars: "It's Only a Machine"
By Greg Little

Machines break. Tires go flat on cars, fuses blow in hairdryers, and unfortunately, flying machines fall out of the sky. But when you watch a spacewalk, knowing how complex the astronauts' flying machine is, as is the machine they're working on, you can't help but wonder how they could be whistling and singing while doing the work. It's simple--the rewards are just too great. Setbacks are part of the package when you're dealing with complex machines; Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia showed us that. However, what we have accomplished is truly amazing, and we owe that level of accomplishment to the men and women who continue to push on.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

There are an estimated 260,000 Near Earth Objects, ranging in size from a third of a mile to 100 yards across, about 30.6 million miles from our planet. One of these days, our orbits will cross. Some of these rocks will burn up in our atmosphere, some will bounce off, and some....Unfortunately, we do not have the capability at this time of spotting them from earth. Thus, the most logical thing is to construct space-based asteroid- and comet-searching telescopes. John also tells us that Jupiter is the brightest star-like object in the night sky and sets at about 1 a.m. on Sept. 1 and two hours earlier on the 30th. Mercury will also be up, but not as bright (-0.1) on the 21st, but only four degrees above the western horizon at sunset. Venus is exceptionally bright (-4.8) and rises 1.5 hours before sunrise. Remember--the first day of autumn is the northern hemisphere is Sept. 23.

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Diving with a Moon Pilot
The Astronaut Scholarship Foundation provides a unique opportunity
By Larry Evans

A great deal of space-related memorabilia can be found in private collections and at auctions the world over. From artwork to space-flown materials, there are companies that make a living selling off pieces of space history. However, one of the more unique items was a chance to scuba dive with Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Col. Alfred M. Worden. This was not only a great auction item, but it was also a fundraising item for the Astronaut Scholarship Fund. This fund helps make the collegiate dream come true for the best and brightest in math or engineering, those students who are committed to those fields. OCSS member John Smith won the auction and dove with Worden in the Florida Keys. It was an awesome experience to say the least!

Looking Outward: "400 Years of America"
By Larry Evans

On a little patch of Virginia coastline, the colony of Jamestowne was founded 400 years ago. My, what we have learned--and experienced--since then. Say and believe what you want about what exactly went on during those early days, but the first settlers understood one thing: survival. If they did not move on and discover new horizons, they died. And now, we embrace that mindset by sending astronauts to space to discover even broader horizons for our species--so we can continue to survive. On a recent space shuttle flight rode a small metal cargo tag, stamped with the words "James Towne" and originally sent from England to the New World, only to be lost for hundreds of years. Now, by way of a few orbits of the earth, it has found its way back home.

Universeum
By Thommy Eriksson

Universeum is a science center in Goteborg, Sweden, that attracts about 500,000 visitors a year--about the same amount of visitors as residents in the city! The center's goal is to increase awareness of science and technology and to inspire young people to seek out that path when they get older. There are displays on the flora, fauna and climate of rainforests, as well as a large section on space. Included is an interactive computer graphics movie showing a trip through the universe.

To the Stars: "A Bright Future"
By Greg Little

Our columnist's son, Price, is set to become a senator, and perhaps later, president. While in these critical offices, he will oversee the fantastic voyages of Samuel Bastin, a captain in command of our nation's great mission to Jupiter, and affectionately called Nemo (a nickname bestowed on the dear captain by Price when the elder uncle was a baby). How fantastic would this future be, a glorious change where dedicated politicians who understand the need for mankind to expand actually make these events happen with real budgets and real drive, not this tip-toeing around like we do now with NASA's budget. The public will be educated by these fine men about what really needs to happen with our species, that our glory is out there, among the stars. We can all look forward to this, thanks to the drive dedication of President Price and his nephew, Capt. Nemo.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John discusses how a recent cable television show dramatizes a strike by an asteroid in the two-mile size. While this would indeed be catastrophic, it is extremely rare, even by asteroid strike standards. More likely would be a strike by a rock around the size of a football field, itself creating incredible destruction. But, again, no one is effectively looking for dangerous space debris. The second Total Lunar Eclipse of 2007 will happen in the early morning of the Aug. 28, and for those of you living in the western United States, you will get to see it from beginning to end. Start your observing at about half past midnight, and by 1:20 a.m. the moon will have moved into the earth's penumbral shadow. Totality is at 2:52 a.m. Also this month, Jupiter is shines at -2.3, and Venus and Saturn are low to the west at sunset.

Be sure to check out our calendar of events!

Into that Silent Sea
A review of the first volume in an ambitious new history of human spaceflight
By Larry Evans

The history of manned spaceflight is long and storied, filled with unbelievable successes and devastating failures. But through it all, the men and women remained steadfast in their goal of succeeding in an astounding endeavor. Both the United States and the Soviet Union were locked in a race to space, both not sure of where it would lead but determined to be the one in front. Francis French has written an excellent start to a much-anticipated collection of volumes dedicated to the history of human spaceflight. His contacts within the space industry stretch from the very beginning to the missions of today, on both sides of the planet. Keep an eye on O.C.Space over the next several months for more reviews as volumes are released.

Looking Outward: "Protecting the Democracy"
By Larry Evans

We take for grated the freedoms we are afforded in this country. Even while it seems as though our government likes to take some of those freedoms away, we are still able to voice our dissent and seek peaceful change. However, that's not the same in all countries. Turkey, a country we are quite familiar with in the space industry through our association with Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education, is at a crossroads now, with a secular government trying to hold on amidst a movement to bring more religious ideals into the country's infrastructure. OCSS member Buse Sengul lives in Turkey and talks about the amazing show of force by pro-secular demonstrators in the streets of Izmir, home of Space Camp Turkey.

Still Crazy After All These Years
By Jeff Howe

The early days of manned spaceflight were unique. The missions were new, the technology was new, and no one was really sure the whole system would work anyway. But, at least we had some of the finest aviators--and men--ever to grab a control stick to lead us down what would become a tremendously successful path. At an event in Seattle, Gene Cernan, Tom Stafford and Scott Carpenter entertained the overflow crowed at the Museum of Flight with stories of "the old days" and showed us all how we can each play a part in moving mankind forward into space. Oh, and the knee-slapping, fun stories didn't hurt either!

To the Stars: "Paris or Bust"
By Greg Little

The Russian computers on the International Space Station have developed problems. There is a slight tear in the thermal blanket on the space shuttle. Want to hear more? Well, you will have to wait ... we must first find out whether or not Paris Hilton is going to jail. The priorities of our citizenry is alarming, to say the least. Lives may be at risk in an extremely hostile environment, but leading the news is the fate of a rich, spoiled, over-partied heiress with a freakish obsession with small dogs. One has to hope--pray, really--that at some point, society will realize that real problems exist and that we need to know about them before the first commercial break ... or even the second.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Last month, our columnist mentioned that a 1.3-mile asteroid could be mined and produce an astounding amount of profit. Indeed, he states that it would be less expensive to have an asteroid at geostationary orbit, mine it, and transport the ore back to earth than it would be to locate, mine and process that same material on this planet! Jupiter is in the sky at a bright -2.5. On the 6th of the month, the earth will be at its farthest distance from the sun, which is called aphelion.

This issue includes a wealth of great photos, which you can have access to if you join OCSS.

Captain Skyway
The life and times of American icon and astronaut, Wally Schirra
By Michael Cutler

The Mercury 7 are now two, as Wally Schirra, Apollo 7 commander and the only man to fly in the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs, passed away on May 3. Schirra is remembered as an exceptionally capable, professional aviator and astronaut, and one of the greatest men you could ever meet. Forthright and determined while on a mission, it was Schirra's cool confidence that kept his Gemini 6 mission from aborting, despite what the instruments said. But beyond his skill and daring as a pilot, his demeanor with the public kept him a popular member of space's astronaut fraternity up until his death. Always willing to play a joke or prank, Jolly Wally was popular in every circle he entered. He may have been a Turtle, but he was also a great friend to many, and he will be deeply missed.

Looking Outward: "Hawking Goes Zero-G"
By Larry Evans

He has been one of the most influential and controversial scientists in modern times, but also one of the most popular. Stephen Hawking generated controversy when he suggested that a group of humans should permanently leave this planet in order for the species to survive, and now he has the chance to experience a little bit of that himself. Stricken with ALS disease for most of his life, Hawking has been bound to a wheelchair, unable to use the most basic motor skills. But thanks to the Zero-G company, Hawking was able to experience weightlessness for the first time, further fueling his desire to see mankind permanently inhabit the cosmos.

Bellflower Star Party
Photo essay by Pam Leestma, Judi Schoeffler, Peg Peterson and Larry Evans

A celestial event was held on May 15 at Valley Christian School in Bellflower. Organized by teacher (and OCSS member) Pam Leestma, this was a tremendous success, with several displays and talks, along with telescope viewing. Weather was fairly uncooperative, yet objects like Venus and Saturn were still visible, allowing some among the roughly 200 in attendance to have their first-ever views of these objects. The evening was a lot of fun for everyone involved, and we're looking forward to participating again next year.

To the Stars: "Alien Justice"
By Greg Little

How do beings in different civilizations dispense justice? Is there even a need? We have fought wars, exterminated groups of people, beaten and abused our neighbors all because of a different skin color, or a different religion, or a different answer to the same question. Are their races out there who have a more civilized way about this? Where can we look to find a better answer?

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Economics play an important part of our lives, and it should also play an important part in our space program. The asteroids we are worried about crashing into us can also be an economic boon if mined--perhaps to the tune of $30 to $40 trillion for a relatively "small" 1.3-mile asteroid. Our columnist also calls for us to remember that as the universe expands, objects we thought were, for example, 13.7 billion light years away is actually closer to 97 billion light years away thanks to the ever-expanding universe. John also shows us where to find Mercury and Venus, both bright, and how to locate Jupiter and Saturn.

Please join me in offering our condolences to Secretary Debbi Bennett, who lost her mother on May 12.

Sally Ride Goes to Mars
A recent update to her book, The Mystery of Mars, inspires young kids.
By Larry Evans

What has happened on Mars? What is currently happening there? What can we learn by visiting our nearest planetary neighbor? These are questions asked by and to Dr. Sally Ride during a lecture and book signing at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego, California. Both OCSS and The Mars Society set up displays for guests, and both organizations brought Mars rovers to entertain the crowds. OCSS highlighted the history of spaceflight in general, while The Mars Society talked specifically about the Red Planet.

Looking Outward: "Adventures in Inner Space"
By Larry Evans

Could building human habitats on the ocean floor help us understand how to live in space? Perhaps. Our president discusses that in an essay penned for the Orange County Register. Larry talks about how the construction processes needed for such an undertaking are different from those required in space, partly because of the intense water pressure versus the vacuum of space. However, what this would prove is just how we as humans can create long-term, sustainable habitats in violently extreme locations.

Science Festival at UC Irvine
Photo essay by Robert Traver and Cris Smith

OCSS has done several events with former astronaut Dr. Sally Ride. The biggest of these are her science festivals, usually held on the campus of a major university. We have now done two festivals at the University of California, Irvine, and one at UC San Diego. These are very popular, and OCSS has had a great time participating with them, especially when we get to work with kids. The most recent event at UCI also featured five-time shuttle astronaut Janice Voss, whose flights included the first rendezvous with the Russian space station Mir. 

To the Stars: "Ethnic Encounters"
By Greg Little

Whether it's a radio talk show host being fired for racial remarks, or deep-seeded regional divisions showing themselves on bumper stickers, race continues to play a role in our society, far too often with painful results. However, NASA continues to show how people, regardless of race or background, can successfully work together for the improvement of the species. The astronaut corps continues to be incredibly diverse, and perhaps that is the best lesson NASA has taught us.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Our intrepid columnist continues to remind us about the very real danger of Near Earth Objects--large ones--that have our home world in their crosshairs. But, John will bring us more on that later. He also mentions how one of the Democratic contestants for president, New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, mentioned a few years ago that he wants the government to increase funding to search for UFOs. Perhaps the fact that Roswell is in his state helps. John lets us know that Venus is a very brilliant -4.2 in the night sky, and that Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter are also up.

Don't forget our calendar section, as well as Debbi's great meeting minutes.

Teachers Exploring Space Education
Annual educator's conference at Johnson Space Center is going strong
By Pam Leestma

One of the strongest attributes to the Orange County Space Society is our ability to take complex scientific information and present it to the general public in a way that not only makes sense, but that excites and inspires people--especially children. OCSS member Pam Leestma has attended the Space Exploration Educators Conference in Houston the past four years and has brought back an incredible amount of knowledge to pass along to her classroom and OCSS alike. This year, Pam and her class had a chance to visit with Educator Astronaut Dr. Barbara Morgan, who will blast into space this June (along with honorary OCSS member Dr. Tracy Caldwell, who sang with astronaut band "Max Q" at the conference). Pam was also on hand for a new space education book called Kids to Space: A Space Traveler's Guide by Lonnie Jones Schorer. In it, Schorer includes chapters that educate school children about all sorts of space and science matters, and Pam was asked to add a chapter from the educator's side. The book has been very well received.

Looking Outward: "The 200"
By Larry Evans

It's one thing to have people excited and committed to jumping on to a new technology, but it's a different thing entirely for these same people to put their money where their interest is. That, however, is exactly what 200 people have done so far with Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo venture with Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites. These 200 people have put down their deposits for Virgin's first suborbital space tourism flights, showing that they indeed are serious about moving forward with their desire to experience what few people have. Imagine if people in the past took the same view of flying on the latest commercial passenger aircraft--paying for a ticket before the thing even flew! But, these intrepid souls have decided that they are ready for one of the greatest adventures in mankind, and they don't want to be left behind.

Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination

Currently showing at the California Science Center through April 29 is an exhibit featuring props, models and costumes from all six Star Wars movies. This alone is reason to check it out, but this exhibit goes beyond just highlighting movie memorabilia. Star Wars is used as a jumping off point to show how technologies envisioned in the movies might someday come to pass. Examples are medical prosthetics (Luke's replacement arm), to magnetic-levitation transportation (Landspeeder), to or even interstellar travel (Millennium Falcon and numerous other spacecraft). The exhibit is traveling around the country for the next few years: The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, June-August 2007; Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, September-December 2007; Museum of Science and Industry, Fort Worth, Texas, February-April 2008; The Science Museum of Minnesota, St. Paul, June-October 2008.

To the Stars: "Redneck Revelation"
By Greg Little

We tend to focus on children and the younger generation when we take our space education message to the masses. However, there is a sizeable group of older adults who not only have a passing understanding of the subject, but more importantly, a deep desire to learn more and a keen appreciation when information is presented. Recently, our columnist discovered that even in the south, where stereotypes tend to rule, people can be found who indeed look beyond their moonshine and hunting rifles and actually seek out space and science education--and even choose NASA-TV over "American Idol"! Now, if only we could all get NASA-TV....

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Despite the effects it could have on this planet, and its ability to sustain any sort of life whatsoever, Congress continues to keep NASA's Near Earth Objects (NEO) program from receiving the money it needs to effectively do its job. At present, the NEO program needs about $1 billion to finish the job, but the money is not there. NASA is tracking objects that are 3,300 feet in diameter, but there are objects out there that are much smaller and can create significant damage that NASA simple cannot afford to track. In other news, China launched an anti-satellite missile, and Iran launched one that can reach 90 miles. It's not exactly a comforting thought, since the International Space Station is within range of China's program. Venus, Jupiter and Saturn are all up in the early morning sky, and all look great even through small telescopes.

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Dreams of Homegrown Spaceflight
"The Astronaut Farmer" takes us on a quest for the grail of private access to space
By Larry Evans

It's not every day that a man builds his own spacecraft and rockets into space. And for Charles Farmer, it almost didn't happen either. But the intrepid dreamer, denied his trip to the stars by mitigating circumstances during the early days of the manned space program, continued to believe in his plan. That's the story behind the new film "The Astronaut Farmer," starring Billy Bob Thornton. The film follows farmer as he plans all facets of his trip to space, from digging through scrap yards for the proper material, to enlisting his family to help him build his version of the Mercury-Atlas combo that successfully launched the likes of John Glenn and Alan Shepherd into space. It's only when he tries to find the proper fuel that he runs afoul of the government in a classic dual between the rights and dreams of ordinary citizens, and the often unrelenting grasp of bureaucracy.

Looking Outward: "The Nowak Fiasco"
By Larry Evans

Isn't it a sad state of affairs when successful space missions can make remarkable discoveries on other planets and bring mankind one step closer to permanently inhabiting the cosmos, yet go almost completely unnoticed? It's even worse when the headlines that finally shine NASA's way is over the star astronaut who flipped out, drove on a love-inspired bender to confront her wannabe lover's other woman, all the while wearing adult diapers. It's a shame that this is the type of NASA story that gets the media in a frenzy, all the while forgetting the amazing data and photos coming back from Saturn. However, it simply goes to show that even astronauts are human, and the remarkable thing is that it took more than four decades for an astronaut to lose it! Ironically, it was a sports radio host of all people who said on the air, not long after this event, that it in no way makes him think any less of astronauts--professionals for whom he holds in extremely high regard. However, he said it just proves that love makes people do crazy things. But, perhaps the best quote was from the TV show "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and the character Willow, who said, "Love makes you do the wacky."

To the Stars: "To Err is Human"
By Greg Little

What happened to Lisa Nowak is a tragedy, but more in the sense that she will receive a great deal more scrutiny and criticism because of who she is. Gone are the days where the media ignored the less-than-ideal aspects of a star's life. Do you remember the front-page headlines about the Mercury astronauts' womanizing and hard living? The coverage of the time just wasn't like that. But now, our stars' lives are part of the never-ending news cycle in which we now live. But, what happened to Lisa Nowak shows that even these stars are human, that even the best-trained among us can't completely overcome all the vagaries of life. Also, it shows in quite a dramatic sense how we need to continue to send humans to space. It's that very emotion that is highly prized in such an unforgiving environment.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Imagine what would happen should one of those huge asteroids were to slam into Earth? Now, imagine it's not one of the huge "doomsday" asteroids, but something smaller, say the size of a football field? That would easily take out a major city. What if that major city were New York, or Los Angeles, or London? What do you think would happen to the local, national and global economy, to say nothing of the environment to have all that planetary matter kicked up? However, the very limited resources of SpaceGuard, brought online in 1995, is due to expire in 2009. John also tells us where to find our stellar neighbors, notably Venus and Jupiter.

Be sure to check our our great photos in the print edition. Don't have the print edition? Join OCSS!
 

X Prize Cup Reaches for Space
Second annual New Mexico event shows a maturing private space industry
By Ray Montgomery

Imagine what commercial aviation would be like had Charles Lindbergh not been inspired by the $25,000 Ortieg Prize in 1927? He took that inspiration an became the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Now, 80 years later, men and women are inspired by even loftier goals--to reach space, and to do so on their own, without any government assistance. Starting in 2006 and continuing every October, the X Cup will showcase private companies and their attempts to send their varied craft into space. From lunar-type landers to light-powered climbers, the technology unveiled in the desert outside Las Cruces is the stuff dreams are made of. OCSS was there to cover the event, including displays by member Ivor Dawson and his Traveling Space Museum.

Looking Outward: "NASA's Budget Crisis"
By Larry Evans

Just when you thought it was safe to get really excited about the future of manned spaceflight, the budget hawks in Washington, D.C. got their talons into the mix. No, NASA's budget was not cut per se, but when the new Congress was voted into office in November, the outgoing Congress decided that it would leave the budget to the new guys. Thus, work on the budget stopped, and 2006 levels would have to suffice, at least for now. That means NASA will have about half a billion dollars less in 2007 than it did in 2006. All branches and departments are affected, not just NASA. The government has historically been the one to start exploration and pave the way, allowing private enterprise to come in after it and develop things. If NASA is not allowed to continue its new push to the moon and beyond, then what do we have to develop?

Remembering Challenger

On Jan. 28, 2006, OCSS was invited to organize an event at the Reuben H. Fleet Space and Science Center in San Diego to remember the loss of Challenger and her crew 20 years previously. Also included were Columbia and Apollo 1. With all the other events being covered in O.C.Space, it has been difficult to find the proper spot to highlight this event, so this year, near these tragic anniversaries, we would again like to remember these brave crews and our human need to continue exploration of the cosmos. The 2006 event featured a panel discussion with Space Shuttle Commander C. Gordon Fullerton, OCSS President Larry Evans, and James Busby, to a full-house crowd at the center's special events theater. OCSS also provided a display featuring past and possible future achievements of America's space program.

To the Stars: "A Roaring Peace"
By Greg Little

What if the dinosaurs weren't killed by an asteroid, but instead scooped up and transported to a new planet in order to prevent their destruction? That's the theory of the author's young son, but it's not a completely preposterous notion. The dinosaurs were not interested in picking fights or taking over a neighboring country or creating the next global-dominating company. They were interested in eating and maintaining the natural balance of life, living in relative peace. Maybe we can take a lesson from this.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

It doesn't take a large interstellar body to bring havoc and terror to this planet. A relatively small comet will destroy most of the life on this planet just nicely--but John will have more on this topic next month. Our intrepid columnist tells us where to spot Venus, practically blazing at -3.9. But the end of February, it will be 27 degrees above the horizon at dusk. Mercury and Uranus are also up in the night sky, though dimmer. Saturn is relatively bright at 0.0 and rises at sunset. It is currently in opposition to the sun, but at 762 million miles it's at its closest to earth. Jupiter is also up and bright at -2.0. John also mentions that the New Horizons spacecraft will pass by Jupiter on Feb. 28 on its way to Pluto (or whatever it's called now), using Jupiter's gravity to help it along its way.

Of course, be sure to check out our great photos, our space calendar, and the detailed meeting minutes.
 

A New Light at Griffith Observatory
After complete restoration, the venerable observatory reopens to the public
By Larry Evans

More than 70 years ago, the now iconic Griffith Observatory opened its doors, and stargazing in southern California has never been the same. Over the decades that followed, the observatory started to show its age. The star machine in the planetarium was no longer modern, and the exhibits were starting to crumble. Thus, the need for renovation. Thanks to a large donation by Leonard Nimoy, as well as other public and private donors, Griffith is once again at the top of any list when a discussion of great public science centers is discussed. The renovation included the installation of a new Zeiss Mark IX Universarium and Evans & Sutherland laser projection system to really wow the crowds. The popular Foucault Pendulum was retained; it's always a crowd favorite. Plus, at Griffith, visitors actually get to touch rocks from the moon and Mars! A new theater was dug underneath the main entrance, and all the exhibits got a freshening up or a complete rebuild, in part thanks to OCSS Board Member Robert Kline, who has worked part time at Griffith for 28 years. Hats off to Bob! Take a look at this issue, as well as the photos above, to get a sense of the new face on this old Hollywood star.

Looking Outward: "Spouting Water!"
By Larry Evans

Dismissed as folly or scientific error, the existence of liquid water on Mars keeps coming into our conscience. When the Mars Global Surveyor probe was launched to the Red Planet in 1996 (along with the lander Pathfinder and its rover Sojourner), amazing images have been beamed back to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. One set of these photos showed what appeared to be a rivulet of water running down the side of a crater. Since liquid water cannot last long on the Martian surface, the theory was that pools of water still must reside under the surface and have been pushed to the surface. This theory was bolstered by a final set of photos by MGS, sent just before the craft fell silent, of another rivulet of water on a crater wall. The excitement was because MGS photographed that same crater previously, and no water evidence was seen.

OCSS 2006 Holiday Party
Photo story by Geza Binger and Larry Evans

This year has been exciting for everyone in OCSS. It seems every year gets busier for us, so it is wonderful when we can all take time to share a fun afternoon for a holiday get-together. It was great to see everyone who could make it. For everyone around the state, across the country and throughout the world who are OCSS members yet could not attend this event in person, remember that you are also part of what makes OCSS great. We all toasted a drink in your honor on that day as well.

To the Stars: "A Precious Future"
By Greg Little

From the smallest mom and pop shop on Main Street to corporate giants on Wall Street, disagreements and discussion about the state of the business is healthy. NASA learned this lesson the hard way after the losses of two orbiters and 14 astronauts. The culture created within NASA is now one of understanding and discussion, the second point of which is vital. Now, everyone from senior managers down to the night janitor has the ability to speak up--and most importantly, to have their opinion heard and cared about. It is the only way our space legacy can continue.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The doomsday scenario is a half-mile to mile asteroid crashing into the planet. But what about smaller asteroids, say the size of a football field? It may not kill everyone on Earth, but what if it hit Los Angeles? Or Washington, D.C.? What kind of global economic impact do you think it would cause? On another topic, the crew members on the International Space Station have been doing an incredible job getting the station up and running with new wiring and solar panels. Still think humans can't work well in space? Take a look at what's been going on a mere 60 miles over your heads. On New Year's Day, Venus blazes at -3.9 magnitude just 6 degrees above the southwest horizon, 30 minutes after sunset. Mercury is visible later in the month, and by the end of the month both planets are within 7 degrees of each other in the sky. Saturn, Jupiter and Mars will also make an appearance in January--but you'll have to read the full column to find out more!

Be sure to check out our space calendar. Make 2007 the year you resolve to get active in OCSS. Become a member, sign a friend up, or if you are a member, start the year out right with a visit to our monthly meeting. Make 2007 your own personal Space Year!
 

December 2006, Volume 17, Number 12

Shuttle Commander Visits Space Camp
Steve Lindsey, Commander of mission STS-121, traveled to Space Camp Turkey
By Larry Evans and Scott Woodham

OCSS has partnered a great deal with Space Camp Turkey and the organization Global Friendship Through Space Education. Both organizations have provided an immense amount of work in education and outreach to the youth of Turkey, southern Europe and the Middle East on the subjects of science and space exploration. NASA Astronaut Steve Lindsey, after completing the hugely successful STS-121 mission aboard Discovery, ventured to SCT to provide real-world (or, rather, off-world) experiences to the campers. Several astronauts and cosmonauts have made the trip to SCT, providing even more excellence.

Looking Outward: “A Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow”
By Larry Evans

At one time, Disneyland was one of the most visible places for concepts on the future. Rockets to the moon and Mars! Settlements on other planets! Personal jet packs! How cool would that be? Sadly, once Walt Disney died and his vision of the future along with him, what remained was a watered-down version of the future.

Israelis and Palestinians Bond at Space Camp Turkey
By Scott Woodham

Despite the recent upheaval in the Middle East, an unprecedented calm permeated Space Camp Turkey July 16-23. For the first time in the camp’s six-year existence, Israeli and Palestinian kids participated in a week-long Global Friendship Through Space Education program that also featured American astronaut Dr. Shannon Lucid—a veteran of five spaceflights and record holder for the most flight hours in orbit of any woman in the world. Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education has done a phenomenal job bringing different cultures together under the banner of space. Hundreds of school children have benefited from this program, one that has great international support.

To the Stars: “Twinkies and Terror”
By Greg Little

Real-world inspiration has often been found in fiction. One piece of fiction that still holds the most impact is “Star Trek” in all its incarnations, but mostly from the original series. Our columnist mentions one episode in particular, “Balance of Terror.” In this episode, Capt. Kirk faces off with an old enemy, the Romulans, whom no one had ever seen, even during the bloody war the two sides fought and are now holding on to a fragile peace. Neither side knew why they were thrust into the current situation, with both commanders realizing that peace and tranquility were far better than any mess that would result from either of their missteps. They were both forward thinking enough to realize that they alone, if they just thought for a few minutes without their fingers on the triggers, could keep things from escalating. It’s a pity our leaders today have not had the benefit of this inspiration themselves.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

While Discovery is visiting the International Space Station, the new Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) will become operational on Arizona’s Mt. Graham. The twin 27.6-foot mirrors were polished to the accuracy of one-millionth of an inch—3,000 times thinner than a human hair! Venus rises, but it difficult to observe. The moon is bright and crosses in front of the Pleiades star cluster, which will be difficult to see after the moon passes it due to the brightness of our nearest neighbor. Saturn rises and is in a good spot for viewing. Jupiter, Mercury and Mars also rises and will be visually near each other on Dec. 10. And, on Dec. 21 at 4:22 p.m. PST, winter in the northern hemisphere arrives.

Be sure to read about the Global Friendship and Space Camp Turkey articles. They are inspiring too.
 

November 2006, Volume 17, Number 11

Remembrance of Flying Higher and Faster
A memorial fund is established for X-15 pilot Joseph A. Walker
By Cathie Godwin and Larry Evans

On Aug. 22, 1963, Joe Walker pushed the X-15 to an unofficial altitude record of 354,200 feet, proving that winged aircraft could actually reach space and return safely. This flight also made Walker the first civilian to reach space. This man, a self-professed cowboy, was an asset like few others to the early space program. Tragically, Walker was caught in a wingtip vortex from an XB-70 bomber he was flying with, which caused the F-104N he was piloting to cartwheel out of control and break up. A memorial fund has been set up to preserve the our nation’s historical experimental aircraft; give financial support to send a student and faculty staff member from Joseph A. Walker Middle School in Quartz Hill, California, to a session of Space Camp each summer; place a plaque honoring Joe Walker and U.S. Air Force Maj. Carl Cross at the F-104N/XB-70 crash site about 10 miles outside Barstow, California; development of a partnership between the Joseph A. Walker Middle School and a school from his hometown of Washington, Pennsylvania; placement of a model of the X-15 on the grounds of Joseph A. Walker Middle School; and a yearly celebration of Joe Walker’s life and achievements. You can make donations to the fund by visiting www.ocspace.org.

Looking Outward: “First Look at the Future”
By Larry Evans

Who would have thought that we would have to wait nearly 50 years before space tourism was not a laughable plan? After the Apollo program, everyone figured that the natural progression of the space program would see average Americans heading into space. Even Pan Am got involved! But alas, that did not happen ... until now. Thanks to visionaries such as Burt Rutan and Richard Branson, we are finally on the cusp of gaining that foothold into private space travel.

Anousheh Ansari Takes Flight

The fourth space tourist—and first woman—blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on Sept. 17, 2006. Anousheh Ansari, who helped finance the X Prize, spent 11 days on the International Space Station. When she returned, she pledged that she would return as soon as she could. We have no doubt!

To the Stars: “A Sad Comment”
By Greg Little

It’s sad ... how many people realize that humanity has had permanent inhabitants of space for quite some time? Do people not pay attention to the world? Unfortunately, they don’t. Far too many people are set in their ways, more eager to engage in those things that center first on them. Selfishness is what it’s called. We are at the early stages of space travel, more akin to where the Vikings were when they set out across the Atlantic Ocean. We must continue to move forward, to break into that realm for the good of all mankind in this generation and the ones to come. Then, maybe, more of the world itself will insinuate itself into the heats and minds of people.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that Mercury is about to transit the sun, an event that will not be seen again until 2016. However, be warned: Looking at the sun without proper protection can cause serious damage! When this event passes, Mercury will return to the morning sky just before sunrise, though dim. Saturn is the only other planet with noteworthy viewing chances.

As always, we have some great photos in this issue, along with our wonderful secretary’s column.
 

October 2006, Volume 17, Number 10

NASA’s Vision Takes to the Road
A traveling exhibit explains the future goals of human spaceflight
By Larry Evans

Former NASA Administrator Dan Goldin once told us that “NASA doesn’t need PR. The success of our programs sell themselves.” Besides the slap in the face to all the PR staffers at NASA, this statement showed how near-sighted NASA was on public education. But lately, that trend has changed, none so visible as the agency’s new 72-foot-long, 29-foot-wide Vision for Space Exploration trailer. This trailer has exceptional hands-on displays and multi-media presentations about the future of manned spaceflight. What’s even more awesome is that the general public is incredibly enthused about what they are seeing. When OCSS does public events, we constantly receive comments and questions from people wondering why these great programs aren’t presented to the public more. Well, with our continued great work—and NASA’s beautiful new trailer—the public will get that access.

Looking Outward: “Asteroid 134340”
By Larry Evans

Pluto has been there for us as a planet for decades. School kids learned mnemonics to help them with the names of the planets—and Pluto was one of them. But now, Pluto has been stripped of its planetary status and is now simply referred to as Asteroid 134340. It could be a rather inglorious end for this planet, but is it really? The fact that we knew nothing about this planet led us to send a probe out there. And now, with its status changed, where will this heavenly body lead us next? Science is all about making guesses and changing though processes when better data comes to light. If we are to be a spacefaring civilization, we had better get used to it.

Orion: Back to the Future

Lockheed Martin won the contract to provide NASA with the next generation of manned spacecraft to push on to the moon and Mars. Originally called the Crew Excursion Vehicle (CEV), NASA decided on Project Orion. Orion will serve as the primary vehicle to orbit, as well as the International Space Station, and it’s possible it could move on to bigger roles. Grab a copy of this month’s newsletter to see some great photos.

ISS & Atlantis Transit the Sun

On Sept. 17, 2006, just 50 minutes after undocking from the International Space Station, both ISS and the space shuttle Atlantis were silhouetted against the sun. Astrophotographer Thierry Lagault from Normandie, France, snapped a truly amazing image of this occurrence. Take a look at O.C.Space, or visit Thierry’s website at www.astrophoto.fr.

To the Stars: “A Witness to History”
By Greg Little

Surgery is rarely a thing that folks look forward to. However, sometimes it can have unintended benefits, aside from curing whatever it was that sent you under the knife in the first place. Our intrepid columnist had such an occurrence, but was able to enjoy watching the launch of Atlantis and the resulting work in space by her crew. Witnessing history is always special, even when the path to that viewing can be lined with painful potholes.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that those members on the anti-manned space bandwagon due to cost issues are missing a very large point. There is a lot of money to be made in space! In order for humans to have a permanent presence in space, it will have to pay for itself. Robotic missions are a necessary part of this equation, but not the only one. John also lets us know where to find Mercury and Jupiter, plus a dim Saturn rises just past midnight on Halloween.

We have some great photos in the issue, as always. Join now so you can see them yourself!
 

September 2006, Volume 17, Number 9

Opening the Universe to Young Minds
Annual Space Day event at Longfellow Elementary is another huge success
By Geza Binger

Working with young minds eager to learn about space and science is incredibly rewarding. When children are young, that is the perfect time to get them excited about space, before other influences invade. Ivor Dawson’s Traveling Space Museum, along with Lockheed Martin, have done a fantastic job bringing space and kids together at their annual Space Day at Longfellow Elementary School in southern California. OCSS was there with displays and talks about the wonders of space—including how to use a space toilet! TSM had its Orion simulator on hand, which was quite exciting. One never knows where such outreach will take the listeners. In fact, they got to hear about one of the early pioneers with TSM, Katrina Mumaw, who was so enthused that she took her experience with space and science and is now a lieutenant in the Air Force.

Looking Outward: “The Inflationary Universe”
By Larry Evans

Scientists theorize that the universe started with rapid expansion, allowing it to become what we see around us today. The same can be said about the growing realm of space tourism. Visionaries such as Burt Rutan and Richard Branson have teamed up to form Virgin Galactic, which will take a handful of tourists on each mission to a place only trained astronauts have gone before. But what then? Ah, that’s where Robert Bigelow comes in. His plan is to have these space tourist-carrying vehicles dock with his orbiting hotels for an adventure tour that will knock your socks off (and let them float around you in your own room). Expansion is a good thing, especially when it is growing into something wonderful.

Apollo 11 Annual Celebration & Picnic

Each year, OCSS holds a summer picnic to take some time off our busy schedule, kick back some great friends, and celebrate the anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing. This year, the day was noteworthy because of the excessive heat and humidity, and also because it was probably the largest turnout yet for an OCSS picnic. Thanks to everyone who made it such a success this year, especially Mike Cutler for lending us his awning (you can never have too much shade!), and also to Arthur Kienle, who served as the Master Chef for the day. It was a special day, too, in that we had members from as far away as Iowa and even Turkey who joined the festivities. Thanks to the Hopson family and to our newest member, Buse Sengül, for joining us on this hot summer day.

To the Stars: “The Right Stuff”
By Greg Little

It’s been five years since those devastating terrorist attacks in New York, and where are we as a society? Rather than exploring the surface of Mars, we’re digging up the sands of Iraq. Our future lies beyond the stratosphere, not on the deserts of the Middle East. We are a powerful nation, and maybe it’s time we use the resources to prove it to everyone else.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The autumnal equinox is upon us, so the nights will get longer and the days shorter for those of us in the northern hemisphere. Mars and Mercury are both up, but they are quite dim and difficult to observe. Jupiter is low and dim as well, but still worth taking a peek at. Saturn will also be up, but Venus will blow them all away, blazing at a magnitude -3.7! John also mentions that Atlantis, on mission STS-115, will deliver the P3/P4 truss segment to the International Space Station, making the station’s span 240 feet.

Take a look at our picnic photos on Page 3, only on our print addition, which you can receive by joining!
 

August 2006, Volume 17, Number 7

Astronaut as Hometown Hero
Thomas P. Stafford supports his birthplace through an Oklahoma museum
By Greg Little

Just outside Oklahoma City lies the small town of Weatherford. It’s a place where the residents are friendly, the air and ground are clean, and it’s generally a nice place to stop along Interstate 40. But the town also has the fantastic Thomas P. Stafford Air and Space Museum. Housed in its collection are an incredible amount of artifacts related to the eponymous astronaut, such as school items and memorabilia from his time in NASA, from project Gemini through Apollo, plus his Apollo Soyuz Test Project mission. A hangar holds a replica of the Wright Flyer, the Spirit of St. Louis, full-scale Apollo and Gemini spacecraft models, and a 1/16-scale model of the space shuttle Columbia. But one of the most impressive pieces—if not the most impressive—is the F-1 rocket engine that used to cluster at the bottom of the massive Saturn V rocket. This is a great place to explore!

Looking Outward: “A Patriotic Success”
By Larry Evans

There are symbols of this country that are indelible. Our flag. The bald eagle. The power of our society. But one of the most impressive perhaps of the past several decades has to be the image of the space shuttle lifting off under a bright blue Florida sky on July 4. It was pure serendipity that mission STS-121 went off on our nation’s birthday, but that does not lessen the amazing visual that it showed the world. The United States is 230 years old, and watch as we life the most powerful, beautiful piece of space hardware into the sky as ever created by man.

Diplomacy of the Planets
By Tim Cassidy-Curtis

Oaks Christian High School in Westlake, California, held a symposium focused on space and science careers, and in attendance was OCSS! Member Tim Cassidy-Curtis hosted a booth talking about his career in space science, and Ivor Dawson featured the Traveling Space Museum, including his amazing Orion simulator. The students in attendance got quite a thrill with keynote speaker Dennis Tito, who undoubtedly gave them quite a lot to think about.

To the Stars: “For Thee I Sing”
By Greg Little

How more patriotic does it get—a shuttle launch on the Forth of July, watching it live on television with family by your side. It is a great example of the freedom that our founding fathers created for us 230 years ago. To have it there embodied by a magnificent vehicle makes it all the more clear.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John congratulates NASA for the flawless launch of Discovery on STS-121, but asks readers to write to their elected officials, asking that funding for the space shuttle be increased so that it can continue flying until the Crew Exploration Vehicle is ready in 2012. John also lets us know where Jupiter is in the sky, a bright object with a magnitude of -2.1. Venus is even brighter at -4 in the pre-dawn sky, with Mercury hiding near the sun. Saturn rises as well.

Be sure to read the secretary’s column for all the happenings at our meetings.
 

July 2006, Volume 17, Number 7

ET: A New Generation
Redesigned External Tanks for the Space Shuttle are prepared for flight
By Larry Evans

Down in Louisiana, in the deep south, rests a state-of-the-art aerospace manufacturing facility charged with the manufacture of a very important yet too often overlooked piece of manned space missions. During Hurricane Katrina, this facility was damaged. But it is up and running and back to producing the space shuttle’s external tank. Larry Evans had a chance to visit this great facility and see what new designs the Michoud Assembly Facility have come up with.

Looking Outward: “Stephen Hawking and Our Future Settlement of Space”
By Larry Evans

He’s one of the best minds ever to inhabit the earth, yet his body continues to break down due to a debilitating disease. When we talk of science—and bringing science to the masses—there has been none better than Stephen Hawking. And while he gets some criticism from peers for venturing into areas such as where humans should push for exploration, at least he is out there talking about the subjects we need to hear, and doing it in a way that we can all understand.

Slow Crawl to the Pad

In preparation for the flight of a space shuttle, one of the most amazing things to watch, this side of the launch itself, is the rollout to the launch pad four to six weeks prior to the start of the mission. In our photo article is the rollout of STS-121 with the orbiter Discovery, the first segment of the journey to take seven astronauts into space in early July. Take a look at the printed issue, or visit www.mach25media.com/shuttle8.html.

To the Stars: “The Thrill of Victory”
By Greg Little

Sports are fun. They are a release from the daily grind of life. But what would another interstellar civilization think about our sporting exploits? Probably the same thing we think about them—they’re fun and exciting. Imagine what it would be like to witness dodgeball ... played with asteroids.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Earthquakes of immense proportions. Searing heat. Winds that would make a Category 5 hurricane feel like a tropical breeze. These are just some of the forces experienced when a 30-mile diameter object slammed into earth and killed about 99 percent of all life forms. That’s why our columnist echoes Stephen Hawking’s thoughts that mankind should create permanent settlements on other planets. John also tells us where Mercury is in the night sky, as well as Saturn, Mars and Jupiter. Venus rises just before sunrise.

Our informative space calendar and great photos round out this issue.
 

June 2006, Volume 17, Number 6

Orbit Awards and ISDC
The 25th International Space Development Conference in Los Angeles
By Larry Evans

“No one laughs at the idea of private space travel or space tourism anymore,” said John Spencer, founder of the Space Tourism Society, the Orbit Awards, and an OCSS member. John was on hand during the 25th annual International Space Development Conference held at the Sheraton Gateway Hotel near Los Angeles International Airport. This ISDC not only featured the regular National Space Society tracts, but in partnership with the Planetary Society and STS, the show was the largest ever. The Orbit Awards honors achievements in private spaceflight, and this incarnation honored Mark Shuttleworth and Dr. Gregory Olsen as the second and third space tourists, respectively. They were both awarded the Dennis Tito award, named after the first space tourist—who was on hand to present the beautiful awards.

Looking Outward: “Venturing Onward”
By Larry Evans

Where do you want to go today? Don’t limit yourself to that tropical island or far-flung resort. Think about the universe ... all of it. That’s how we as humans continue to propagate the desire to explore—by wondering what it out there, then devising a way to reach it. Without exploration, without stretching humankind’s reach beyond the stars, we as a society will stagnate and die. So continue to dream, continue to wonder. That’s how we’ll continue to move forward.

To the Stars: “Searching for Answers”
By Greg Little

Who is out there? Where did they come from? Do they know we’re here? Do they care? Questions abound about the state of the universe. Indeed, wars have been fought over such questions, and religions try to answer them in their own way. But it will take us actually going out there, looking for answers. No matter the question, no matter the belief, the stars hold them.

Lots of great photos from ISDC and the Orbit Awards are featured in this issue.
 

May 2006, Volume 17, Number 5

Chasing Shadows
Half-way around the world to witness a solar spectacular in Turkey
By Larry Evans

Not many people can say they’ve been a part of a life-altering event. The birth of a child or a wedding are typical events that can alter the path of one’s life. But there are other events that can move us onto a different path. One of those events is witnessing a total solar eclipse. That’s what several members and guests of OCSS did in March with an amazing trip to western Turkey. Through an organized tour and the great help of Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education, this group was able to witness one of the most amazing wonders in creation. Not only were we able to be in a position to witness totality better than almost anyone else, but we were also able to experience an area in the world marked by amazing history and sheer beauty. This was truly one of the most ambitious and successful OCSS events ever planned.

Looking Outward: “The Role of Exploration”
By Michael Griffin

NASA’s administrator shares his thoughts on exploration, originally delivered at a recent National Space Symposium. He sums up his feelings in a way that we all need to remember: “I believe the benefits to be derived from [our] program will extend well beyond our current imagination; that the benefits of exploration are an emergent property of our inquisitive human behavior.”

Turkish Solar Eclipse Tour

Although the highlight of the tour of Turkey was the solar eclipse, there were many more sights visited by our group on our 11-day trek. The printed newsletter contains a small sampling of the other exciting places from the trip—or you can visit www.mach25media.com/eclipse2.html.

To the Stars: “Our Cup Runneth Over”
By Greg Little

What would otherworldly visitors think of our planet? Surely, they would surmise, these being cannot be counted on to understand relations with aliens if they can’t even throw their trash away properly. We have done many good things in regard to caring for our environment, and yet every day, millions of people simply toss their trash onto the street or mow down acres of forest without a thought to the future—or what these actions are teaching our future generations, who will surely have to make up for our transgressions.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that scientists, such as Sky & Telescope’s editor Rick Fienberg who criticize NASA’s spending on the International Space Station and space shuttle, should remember that without these programs, NASA would likely have no funding at all! There is plenty of room, John says, to work on all sorts of missions, manned or otherwise. Furthermore, how would large-scale telescopes such as Hubble be built and serviced without a vehicle such as the space shuttle? This is just another example of near-sightedness, John says.

Be sure to grab a copy of this issue to see the amazing photos of OCSS’s trip to Turkey.
 

April 2006, Volume 17, Number 4

“Rocketman”
The life and legend of astronaut Pete Conrad comes to life in a book by his widow, Nancy
By Larry Evans

Some might say he was America’s first comedian astronaut, for Pete Conrad certainly knew how to spin a story. The third man on the moon, Conrad and his Apollo 12 crew brought the country one of its best space missions. And now, his widow Nancy has written a great book of Pete’s career. That alone should be reason enough to pick it up! OCSS staffed and attended a book signing at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego at which Nancy Conrad told amazing stories of Pete’s life and career.

Looking Outward: “Water, Water, Everywhere”
By Larry Evans

It was believed that water existed elsewhere in our solar system, most likely on moons around Jupiter or Saturn. Current missions such as Mars Global Surveyor and Cassini have found interesting new data. Geysers erupting, frozen lakes under the surface and even the chance that water vapor exists have been theorized thanks to new data, and it is now that exploration must be ramped up.

Apollo 9 Lands in San Diego

The Apollo 9 Command Module, also affectionately known as Gumdrop, is now on display at the San Diego Aerospace Museum. This is the only flown manned spacecraft on the west coast, so it is definitely worth seeking out. It is currently on display in the rotunda, immediately inside the main entrance to the museum. Admission to the museum is not currently required to view the spacecraft. Apollo 9 was the first mission to test a Lunar Module in space. Gumdrop and Spider performed their duties in Earth orbit, paving the way for the lunar landings to follow.

To the Stars: “Thinking Out Loud”
By Greg Little

It’s sad: Far too many people know the names of cartoon characters or are too absorbed by their daily lives that they forget the bigger picture. There is a vast universe out there filled with wonder and possibilities, and it is that fact that must be remembered. Long after this generation, and the next, are gone, the importance of continuing our push forward in the cosmos should remain the key to the betterment of our society.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John talks about the prosecution of Max Ary, the former head of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center who was found to be taking artifacts from the museum. John also mentions an editorial in a past issue of Sky & Telescope magazine written by editor in chief Rick Feinberg, who called for the International Space Station and the space shuttles to be scraped, obviously invoking a strong rebuttal by our columnist. Finally, John tells us where to find Mars and Saturn.

Be sure to check out the great photos in this issue!
 

March 2006, Volume 17, Number 3

Big Screen Trip to Mars
“Roving Mars,” the latest IMAX film, captures the adventure of exploration
By Larry Evans

Among the many amazing missions NASA has sent to the far reaches of the solar system, two of the most impressive are the twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. Besides the fact that these rovers carried some of the most technologically advanced pieces of equipment yet designed for interplanetary study, these missions continue to provide excitement and wonder as they operate far beyond their lifetimes. Now, we can see what these intrepid explorers have been up to, from launch to landing and through their explorations, thanks to the great people at the IMAX Corporation and their film “Roving Mars.”

Looking Outward: “A Life to Remember”
By Larry Evans

How do you adequately talk about someone who was hero, friend and father? To lose someone like that is still difficult, but remembering their life helps us all to understand that there are people out there who have helped make this world a little better. Our president remembers his stepfather, Tom Baker -- World War II hero, pilot, father ... and friend.

SpaceShipOne Unveiled 

The first civilian-created and produced space vehicle, SpaceShipOne, was recently put on permanent exhibition in the Milestones of Flight gallery at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. OCSS members Scott Hollister and Marty Waldman were present with designer Burt Rutan and financier Paul Allen for the historic event. Burt Rutan now becomes the first person in history to have two vehicles in this famous gallery (Voyager and SpaceShipOne). An amazing feat!

To the Stars: “My Son, the Senator”
By Greg Little

Something always seems to crop up in the country that those in elected power use against continuing the space program. Money needs to go to Iraq, disaster relief, homeland security ... something always seems to be more important. While some things are understandable, far too many people are completely missing the point when it comes to the future of our civilization. Space exploration continues to provide worlds of wonder to our young and excite our population, and when those two key ingredients are prevalent, this country can really create some amazing things.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The Vernal Equinox is upon us, and with it, the sun will rise a bit earlier each day. Mercury is dim below a crescent moon, with Mars also making an appearance. Saturn is in a good viewing position, and Jupiter makes an appearance as well.

All of this, plus our calendar and meeting notes can be found in the March issue.
 

February 2006, Volume 17, Number 2

Sally Ride Takes Young Women to Orbit
America’s first woman in space provides science workshops for enthusiastic girls
By Larry Evans

Though great strides have been made, the inclusion of women in the sciences is still far below what it should be. However, the amazing work of people such as Dr. Sally Ride, America’s first woman in space, is helping to change that. In 2001, Dr. Ride formed the Sally Ride Science Organization, www.sallyridefestivals.org, whose mission is to inspire girls in the fifth through the eighth grade to get excited about science and engineering and to push them toward careers in those fields. OCSS was there to answer all sorts of space and science questions, as well as to entertain with our displays and handouts. It’s a fantastic article—be sure to grab a copy!

One Planet, One People, One Universe 

New Year’s Eve was celebrated with a special party created by Matthew Joscelyne at 7 Degrees (an art studio in Laguna Beach, California). Matthew is working on a major project that was due to debut on Dec. 31, 2006, which will feature giant realistic globes of the nine planets and the sun. This year’s party was to kick off the year-long lead-up to the unveiling at the end of May 2006. Many OCSS members participated in the party and had a wonderful time ringing in the New Year with a space theme. We wholeheartedly support Mathew’s project and wish him well in the coming year as he brings it to fruition.

To the Stars: “The Living Legacy”
By Greg Little

Racism, violence, corruption, love, war, supreme beings, women, minorities ... several of these areas were (and continue to be) difficult ones to discuss. However, “Star Trek” helped tackle these issues, and the show’s legacy lives on. And this legacy shows through in homage to William Shatner. It is this show that continues to show us not only where we were, but where we need to continue to aim.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The Stardust probe collected particles from the comet Wild 2 and returned it to earth on Jan. 15, 2006. Data from this collection will help us understand what makes up the final frontier. And now, residents can help NASA managers decide where next to send this intrepid explorer. John also points out where Mercury is rising, where to find Mars in the night sky, and finally, where Jupiter, Saturn and Venus are hiding out.

January 2006, Volume 17, Number 1

“The Real Space Cowboys”
A look at the early space program by Ed Buckbee and Wally Schirra
By Larry Evans

We have been fortunate to have a great deal of former astronauts write books about their experiences during spaceflight’s infancy. The two latest are Rocketman, by
Nancy Conrad, Pete’s widow, and The Real Space Cowboys by Buckbee and Schirra. This latest piece was unveiled at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego, California -- one of the best public venues for book signings in the country, in our opinion. These two gentlemen have put together one of the more entertaining and fascinating looks into the early history of the manned space program -- a program that was truly fortunate to be led by men such as those made even more famous by this work of fantastic prose.

Looking Outward: “An Eye on Space”
By Larry Evans

Richard Branson and Virgin Galactic continue to demonstrate what a determined and free-thinking company can do when it puts its mind to it. The creation of a space tourism enterprise is not only revolutionary, but also very much needed in a society that continues to push for the stars. Virgin is set to start launching out of New Mexico around 2010 or 2011, but in the meantime, California’s Mojave Spaceport might see action as well.

Legoland Launches Into Space
Photo story by Al Esquivel

Why travel all the way to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida when you can get there just by driving to Carlsbad, California, and visit Legoland? A recent addition to their park includes the space shuttle launch pad, visitor center, Vehicle Assembly Building, Rocket Garden, and even a tour bus explaining to all the Lego people what sites they are seeing. The detail compared to the real KSC is incredibly accurate!

To the Stars: “So Close ... yet so far”
By Greg Little

It’s often difficult for everyone in OCSS to meet each other in person, but the fact that we all share the same passion brings us together. Our columnist feels deeply honored to be able to share his passions with OCSS, and for the organization’s acceptance of his writing.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John talks about his display at the Boeing Tour Center in Everett, Washington, which we featured in the December issue. The tours are now headquartered in the new Future of Flight Aviation Center in Mukilteo, Washington. John also describes how the earth is its closest to the sun, which makes solar observing ideal. Mars is also out, Saturn is still fairly bright, and Jupiter is brighter still.

A Cosmic Adventure
A fact-paced family sci-fi trip to the planet Zathura
By Larry Evans

Space movies don’t always have to be serious, or even big-budget productions like “Star Wars” or “Close Encounters.” Sometimes, it’s great to just sit back and watch a fun movie. “Zathura” takes the viewer on a fast-paced ride through the galaxy with two brothers, Danny and Walter, who discover an old board game. Between meteor showers in the living room, the freezing of their sister in the shower, and the arrival of an astronaut to save them all, the movie is never without excitement.

Looking Outward: “The Next Great Era”
By Michael Griffin

President Larry Evans turns over his column to the NASA Administrator, who talks about growing international cooperation in space travel, as well as the future of America’s space program.

Boeing Visitor Center Display

Member John Goerger set up a great display at the Boeing Tour Center’s visitor complex in Everett, Washington. John set out a great deal of scale models of Boeing aircraft, as well as examples of SpaceShipOne, the Saturn V and the space shuttle. See the photo above left.

To the Stars: “Battling Ignorance”
By Greg Little

The United States is trying to increase its reach into the cosmos, focusing on new lunar missions, as well as voyages to Mars. How, then, is it possible that this society so capable of such fantastic scientific feats can still show such overt intolerance? TV’s “Mr. Sulu,” George Takei, at 68 years old finally came out as gay. The reason he took so long? Intolerance and ignorance.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Some schools in Kansas and Pennsylvania are now required to teach alternatives to Darwinian Evolution, such as Intelligent Design. This even spills over into astronomy classes, where instructors would have to talk about other theories about how the universe was created. John also congratulates the European Space Agency and its launch of Venus Express. South Africa also unveiled the very large (36-foot mirror) telescope, called the Southern Africa Large Telescope (SALT). John also shows us where Venus and Saturn are in the sky, as well as Jupiter, Mercury, and the star Spica.

Be sure to take a look at the “Zathura” photos, plus the space calendar.
 

Return to Exploration
NASA unveils its plans for the future of America's space program
By Larry Evans

A retread? A return to the past? Nothing new to see here? Those were some of the sentiments heard when NASA unveiled its plans for the new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV). However, according to NASA Administrator Michael Griffin and astronaut Carl Walz, those statements could not be farther from the truth. With a better understanding of crew/vehicle interaction, more updated computer equipment, better space technology, and more, NASA's CEV will be one of the most advanced vehicles ever constructed. Plus, the design, according to Griffin, simply works better when physics is involved. "Some say that if it has the same outer mold line [a conical-shaped capsule], it must be the same," Griffin told OCSS. "But if you look at the airplanes in [the National Air and Space Museum], all of them have wings and a tail and an engine, they all have a pointy end and wheels to land on, and there are reasons for that--engineering reasons. For that same reason, our spacecraft that will take us to the moon and back looks very similar to Apollo."

Looking Outward: "Moving On"
By Larry Evans

Larry talks about the departure of the long-time OCSS secretary. Since that person, and the current webmaster, are the same, no more words will be written out of modesty's sake. (But, thanks for the kind words, Larry.)

Astronaut Visit

Former NASA astronaut Dave Leestma dropped by Running Springs Elementary School in Anaheim Hills, California, to talk about space and science with the students. Dave just happens to be the cousin of current OCSS board member Pam Leestma and the brother of Running Springs' principal, Mary Greve. Dave has always been generous with his time, especially with kids, and we heartily thank him for his time.

To the Stars: "Just Get Along"
By Greg Little

Very few groups of people can disagree so passionately as space enthusiasts when discussing the future of space travel. However, it is how those disagreements are handled that are really the true measure of a society's health. Many people disagree about politics, religion, finances, etc. But far too many are unwilling to simply agree to disagree. Others out there can become so angry that anyone would dare disagree that they are willing to discard long friendships over a simple difference of opinion. Nothing gets solved that way; in fact, more problems often follow. But just remember this: If, for example, an opinion about the president is different than yours, it is not worth ending a friendship over. Presidents serve four to eight years. Friendships can last a lifetime.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Mars is the brightest object in the night sky and won't return to its present size and brightness until 2018. John points out where to see it in the sky. He also tells us where to get a peak of Jupiter and Saturn. John also congratulates the crew of Shenzhou 6, Fei Junlong and Nie Naisheng on the completion of their five-day orbital mission. But one fact that John mentions that is quite interesting comes from NASA Administrator Michael Griffin, who states that NASA receives about $60 a year per tax-paying American. Meanwhile, these same Americans discard about $600 a year in edible food!

As always, check out the meeting minutes and great photos!
 

In the Footsteps of Apollo
Magnificent Desolation takes viewers on an unforgettable journey to the Moon
By Larry Evans

Only 12 men have walked on the moon. Even with NASA’s recently-announced plan to return humans to our nearest stellar neighbor, it will be possibly another 20 years before we realize regular lunar travel. So what will those of us who dream of kicking up dust on the moon do? For now, we can watch the new IMAX film “Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D,” which opened Sept. 23. Since none of the Apollo missions carried with them an IMAX camera, the IMAX corporation, in partnership with Tom Hanks, brought this amazing time in space exploration back to life through the use of real actors and scenery spliced together with cutting-edge graphics. IMAX officials, astronauts, actors – and OCSS – were on-hand at the premier in Washington, D.C.

Looking Outward: “Tolerance”
By Larry Evans

One of the cornerstones of a democratic society is the free expression of ideas. Often, those ideas will clash with another person or group, even with the government itself. However, one of the best things a democracy can do is to listen to and accept minority or dissenting opinions. This is also applicable to the space program, as competing viewpoints on just how manned spaceflight should progress often result in heated discussions.

“Walking on the Moon”
Review by Larry Evans

With the moon and Mars again set as a goal for manned spaceflight, our space program may finally deliver on the dream we lost more than 30 years ago. To jumpstart that dream again, on Sept. 23 the latest IMAX movie opened nationwide. “Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D” will take you where those 12 men walked before in an unbelievable way. You may not actually step foot on the moon, but the author guarantees – and describes in his review – that after you leave the theater, you will feel like you have been there in person.

To the Stars: “Shaping the Future”
By Greg Little

Hurricane Katrina showed the world what utter devastation can befall mankind. The way our country, and indeed the world, responds to natural disasters will be forever changed – but it’s a shame that real, substantive change had to wait for this calamity to happen. The public at large – and, indeed, members of Congress – will debate the continued relevance of a space program in the wake of the hurricanes, war in Iraq and increased fuel costs. But it is the very presence of a space program, and its continued development, that will continue to propagate the development of technology that could very well help prevent – or lessen – the effects of major natural disasters. That’s where groups like OCSS come in. Write your Congressman. Get involved in community organizations. Keep the pressure on those we elect to drive the space program forward so that our society has more to look forward to.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Our columnist congratulates the crew of STS-114 on a successful return to the International Space Station. He also weighs in on the fact that we as a species seriously need to consider living off-planet. What if it hadn’t been a hurricane that hit New Orleans, but a major asteroid? What would the human race be like now? John also tells us where to find Venus and Jupiter in the western sky. Mars gets brighter as well.

Don’t forget to check our calendar, meeting minutes and great photos!
 

September 2005, Volume 16, Number 9

Mission to the “Darkside”
A fictional mission of Apollo 18 to the moon is launched in Orange County
By Larry Evans

Everything goes smoothly for Apollo 18’s mission to the moon. That is, until it’s time to lift off from that dusty surface to return to earth. With help from Mission Control, the crew tried everything they could to lift off and meet up with the Command Module orbiting above. During the run of the play, the Orange County Space Society was heavily involved in everything from casting to directing, from set design to lobby displays. The author served as a technical consultant and even spent some time on stage as the pad leader! Be sure to read the review in this issue.

Looking Outward: “Thank the EPA”
By Larry Evans

Thanks to a little-known regulation that no one knew about for 16 years, the Environmental Protection Agency was able to step in and force NASA to abandon the manufacturing process it had employed all these years to create the protective foam on the shuttle’s external tank. The new rules prevented the use of Freon, which the EPA said damages the environment. Now, it appears that this change altered the structural safety of the ET and may have lead to the deaths of the crew of Columbia.

Examining the “Darkside” of Apollo
By Larry Evans

Larry includes a review of the play “Darkside,” described in this month’s lead article. This review was first published in the November 1997 issue of O.C.Space after OCSS’ first viewing of the play.

To the Stars: “Extreme Makeover”
By Greg Little

Inertia is a powerful force to overcome, and the “business as usual” nature of those in nicely-pressed suites who run our government are more responsible for the deaths of two crews of astronauts than any structural failure. The slow-to-change nature of the “higher ups” in NASA and Congress have prevented real change from occurring in the space program, changes that could have not only saved the lives of those who have fallen, but really made a mark in moving our country forward in the pursuit of space.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that recent attacks on both the space shuttle and International Space Station programs from members of the science community are unfortunate. Both programs have delivered immeasurable riches to science, the least of which is a better understanding of how humans can live in space. John also points out where Jupiter and Venus are located. Mars and Mercury also rise, and John lets us know where to spot them.

As always, check out our meeting notes and calendar.
 

The Mystery of Cosmos 1
Solar sail test spacecraft lost after launch from a Russian submarine
By Larry Evans

Soaring through space, pulled along by solar wind, has been the dream of many a science fiction writer. Sitting in a capsule, calmly towed by a massive solar sail in yacht-like fashion ... what could be more exciting? The Planetary Society thought so, and in June 2005, it tried to make this dream a reality. With the help of Ann Druyan (Carl Sagan's widow), the society built a craft meant to test out the theories and provide yet another possibility of private spaceflight. However, not long after the submarine-based launch of a Russian ICBM carrying the craft, the signal was lost. Cosmos 1 had crashed back into the Barents Sea. Or did it? Signals were received elsewhere in Russia, which would not have been possible had the craft indeed fallen to the ocean floor. Could the craft have, in fact, been placed in a lower orbit from which it could not recover? Why would the Russians say the craft failed when evidence at least gave reasonable doubt to that thought? You will have to order your copy of O.C.Space to read Larry's analysis.

Looking Outward: "2 Years, 5 Months, 26 Days"
By Larry Evans

After the loss of the space shuttle Columbia, Discovery again returned the United States to space, just as it did after Challenger was lost. With the return to flight of the shuttle fleet, perhaps now the International Space Station, and indeed the future of America's space program, will return to its former glory.

"Darkside"

OCSS and the Rude Guerrilla Theater Company in Santa Ana, California, teamed up to showcase the play "Darkside," a dramatic account of the fictional crew of Apollo 18 who try to return to earth after several mishaps. OCSS designed an authentic mission patch, which is available through the chapter, and provided technical support for the play (as well as space-themed lobby decor). OCSS President Larry Evans provided the technical support and also had a small part as the pad leader.

To the Stars: "Attitude Adjustment"
By Greg Little

It's a shame, our columnist points out, that it took two major accidents before NASA "allowed" the rank and file to speak up should they see a problem with a launch. For decades, NASA operated as a dictatorship, forcing silence on the underlings while management made sole decisions for the safety of each mission. But, our columnist says, "the people want to have confidence in our space agency, and it has taken the first steps in giving itself an attitude adjustment."

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John puts into perspective the timeline of many historical aviation and aerospace firsts, and also gives us information on where to find the Perseid meteor shower. The locations of Venus, Jupiter and Mars are also pointed out.

Also, don't forget about our secretary's notes and our space calendar.
 

July 2005, Volume 16, Number 7

"Space Tourism: Do You Want To Go?"
Author John Spencer presents a talk on the space tourism experience in San Diego
By Larry Evans

Not too long ago, the phrase "space tourism" elicited snickers and, sadly, outright laughs by a great many people. Why would anyone want to take a trip into space? And why would companies be foolish enough to offer such excursions? Ah, but the times ... they are a-changin'. Once businessman Dennis Tito paid to hitch a ride on a Russian Soyuz rocket to become the first paying space tourist, the whole notion of men and women taking a private trip to the stars landed square in the realm of reality -- and possibility. Through the work of men like architect, visionary -- and now author -- John Spencer, the space tourism industry is starting to take solid shape. His book Space Tourism: Do You Want To Go? offers a look inside the future possibilities of private space travel. John also gave a talk this summer at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego, California. With Burt Rutan and his Scaled Composites team proving that private enterprise can make a difference with their SpaceShipOne success, it might be just a matter of a few years before we all have the chance to go.

Looking Outward: "A Mission Failure?"
By Larry Evans

What constitutes a mission failure? That's what our chapter president is wondering -- and the answer often depends on how you look at the objectives of the mission. The Planetary Society funded, built and launched the Cosmos-1 spacecraft that was supposed to test solar sail technology. An apparent malfunction by the Russian-made and -launched booster doomed the mission. But was it truly a failure? Larry gets into that -- as well as further discussion in the August issue of O.C.Space.

Space: Next Stop Mars

The Orange County Space Society has worked very closely with the Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana over the past several years. We've teamed up to bring exciting public events to the center, mostly centering around space. The largest event OCSS has been able to help organize is DSC's "Space: Next Stop Mars" event, which will run through September. The largest single piece of equipment brought in for the event was a full-size space shuttle nose section ("Endeavour"), donated by OCSS members Kaya and Mary Tuncer. OCSS also helped in the procurement of other material. If you're in the Orange County area, plan a visit to DSC.

To the Stars: "A Doomed Future"
By Greg Little

Your columnist talks about the enduring damage that racism and old-world mindset has wrought on this country. Greg says, "We've gone from horses to spaceflight; from couriers to the Internet. Yet our attitudes, in many cases, have changed very little." He states that in space, equality already exists -- that people count on other people, regardless of race, sex or social standing. Maybe this is a way to help shape the future.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John talks about how humankind has always taken on risks -- that's part of our evolution. But avoiding risk simply because of the danger -- well, that's unacceptable. John also points out where Saturn, Mercury and Venus are in the night sky.

As always, we have notes from our monthly meeting, as well as an informative space calendar.
 

Have Shuttle, Will Travel
The Space Shuttle Endeavour takes shape at the Discovery Science Center
By Larry Evans

NASA claims that it's more cost effective to have heavy maintenance on the space shuttle fleet performed in Florida, rather than the fleet's birthplace in Palmdale, California. Getting a glimpse of a shuttle gliding over the California desert for a landing has apparently become a thing of the past. However, just take a drive down Main Street in Santa Ana and there, under the giant black cube of the Discovery Science Center, is a full-scale mockup of the Endeavour. It took a great deal of work by many people to get the orbiter down from Mountain View, California, the former site of a Space Camp. Due to financial constraints, the site had to close and its equipment disbursed. OCSS members Kaya and Mary Tuncer purchased the equipment, and it was their passion for space education that led them to donate one orbiter to the San Diego Aerospace Museum, and one to DSC. Larry Evans oversaw the disassembly, transport and reconstruction of the orbiter, and our friends Faruk Dogan and Tamer Durmas from Space Camp Turkey were flown over to help with the project. The orbiter is the showpiece of DSC's "Space Summer," which will run through Sept. 11, 2005. Take a look at this issue of O.C.Space for a more in-depth story.

Looking Outward: "Buse Sengul"
By Larry Evans

Our president takes issue with something that is not necessarily space-related, though it occurred to a friend he met during one of the Global Youth Space Summits at Space Camp Turkey during this friend's visit to the United States. We all look at space education as a way to bring the world together, and this incident was troublesome.

Up on the Roof
IMAX "Space Station" comes to DVD
By Larry Evans

If you missed the IMAX film "Space Station" while it was in theaters, do whatever you have to do to get your copy right now -- through Amazon.com, at your local video store, whatever you need to do. This is one of the best productions ever made about life on the International Space Station -- from getting there to life onboard. The video is amazing! The opening series depicts two astronauts going through virtual reality training, and one of them looks over the top of the station down to the docked shuttle below. It's absolutely breathtaking. Later in the film, you watch a Proton booster blast off, and you feel as though you should have your hands up in front of your face to keep the debris away! Great scenes, great music -- and all shot onboard by the crew. What are you waiting for?

To the Stars: "Dora's Lessons"
By Greg Little

Dora the Explorer is an animated tyke who travels the globe, learning new things and meeting new friends. Her adventures and ability to adapt has helped children think outside the box -- something NASA should look at, our columnist says.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John tells us about the thrilling encounter of the Deep Impact mission, which occurred on July 4. He also tells us how to spot Saturn, the stars Castor and Pollux, Venus, Mercury and Jupiter.

Of course, we have our space calendar, meeting minutes, and great photos. If you're not a member yet and receiving the cover newsletter via E-mail, what are you waiting for?
 

Leaving on a Jet Plane
OCSS board member Pam Leestma takes a space training trip in a Russian MiG-21
By Larry Evans

We always remember those teachers who went the extra mile to ensure we received the best education. Often, they would tap into personal reserves, both financially and emotionally, to keep us dreaming big. But what of the dreams of the teachers themselves? OCSS Board Member Pam Leestma, a second-grade teacher at Valley Christian School in Bellflower, California, yearns to travel into space. Her cousin, retired NASA astronaut Dave Leestma, is just one piece of a huge pie that serves as Pam's inspiration. On March 30, Pam got one step closer to space through the help of X-Rocket and their training program for prospective civilian space adventurers. Pam rocketed above the landscape around Reno, Nevada, aboard the company's MiG-21, Maching Bird 1. It was a thrill of a lifetime (so far) for Pam, who will use her experiences to further teach her students about the wonders and benefits of space and science. She also uses her background through her work with Global Friendship Through Space Education, and the organization's summer program at Space Camp Turkey. The photo at right shows Pam (middle) with X-Rocket President Edward Wright (left) and pilot Bob Ray.

Looking Outward: "The New Administration"
By Larry Evans

Our president welcomed the new NASA administrator, Michael Griffin, and used the balance of his column to pass along the new administrator's words from his confirmation hearing. Griffin was confirmed on April 13 and was at his desk Monday morning, April 18.

Yuri's Night 2005

Yuri's Night is a celebration held each year on April 12. The idea is to commemorate the date when Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth on April 12, 1961, and the launch of the first space shuttle (Columbia) on April 12, 1981. However, Yuri's Night goes far beyond that by raising awareness of all human space exploration. The event was conceived by Loretta Hidalgo and George Whitesides. Yuri's Night celebrations have occurred on every continent and even aboard the International Space Station. The first event was appropriately held in 2001. The two top photos were from this year's event at GMT Studios in Culver City, California. At top left: OCSS Secretary Jeff Howe (left) and OCSS Treasurer Cherie Rabideau enjoy the evening with OCSS member and Traveling Space Museum President Ivor Dawson. At top right, Yuri's Night hostess Crystal Ramsey stands next to the OCSS display.

To the Stars: "The Big Picture"
By Greg Little

Life and death are part of the universe, even the universe itself. Our columnist takes a look at two major news items of this past year: the deaths of Terri Schiavo in Florida, and that of Pope John Paul II, and how the definition of life and death -- and how it is dealt with in personal situations -- needs to be reshaped if we are to indeed find success as a species out among the stars.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John takes on the topic of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, and discusses how scientific creationism involves no scientific facts at all. Also, John tells us where to find Mars, Jupiter and Saturn -- and even Uranus through a binocular.

And, of course, take a look at the rest of the site -- and this issue -- for meeting minutes and our calendar.
 

The Rings of Saturn
Huygens lands safely on Titan and OCSS provides the public with a glimpse
By Larry Evans

We continue to work very closely with the Discovery Science Center to bring exciting space events to the general public. In fact, that partnership will get even bigger this summer...but you'll have to wait for future issues of O.C.Space to get the latest! On Sunday, Jan. 16, we again descended on DSC to celebrate the landing of the Huygens probe on Saturn's moon Titan. Member Ray Holt brought out some never-before-seen space artifacts, such as a piece of foam off the shuttle's External Tank, as well as many stickers, pins and patches. The largest, and perhaps most unusual, item Ray brought was a camera system built for the Lunar Orbiter program in the 1960s. It is made of highly-polished aluminum and has small windows in front. Guesses as to its use (before it was explained, obviously) ranged from a fuel storage device to a capsule used to launch monkeys into space! What made the piece even more impressive was the extraordinary amount of autographs Ray had on the shiny exterior, most garnered during the Astronaut Autograph Show (see O.C.Space, December 2004). In the photo above at left, a DSC visitor enjoys pretending he's a piece of the Martian landscape. OCSS' "Sojourner" model is always a hit with children who want to take turns driving it over their parents' feet -- or their own!

Looking Outward: "Passing the Torch"
By Larry Evans

OCSS's president espouses his views on the direction of NASA now that Mike Griffin has taken over as the new administrator. NASA went into a deep decline at the end of Dan Goldin's tenure, Evans says, and Sean O'Keefe did an admirable job to stabilize the sinking ship even when faced with the horrible accident of Columbia. Now, with new optimism and a strong commitment from The White House, people can once again get excited about space.

OCSS Members Receive Honors

In November 2004, several OCSS members received honors from organizations that wanted to recognize the great work and community service accomplished by these people. The City of Bellflower, California, presented its Bellflower Honors Outstanding Achievement Award to the "Space Camp Kids" -- Brian Den Ouden, Colleen Brown and Eric Brown. These students all accompanied OCSS Board Member Pam Leestma to Space Camp Turkey this past summer to experience hands-on math and science research and cross-cultural understanding. Later that month, Pam, along with OCSS President Larry Evans and member Mary Tuncer, were given medals at the National Philanthropy Day luncheon at the Beverly Hilton Hotel for their work with space and science education through OCSS' partnership with Global Friendship Through Space Education. In the photo above at right, Mary, Pam and Larry are shown with host Huell Howser (thumbs up).

To the Stars: "Maybe Some Day..."
By Greg Little

While watching the film "2010," our columnist sees parallels in the way politics and hatred during that movie's timeline mirror what is happening in reality. How can this planet continue to thrive if there is so much hatred and ill will? Greg gives his thoughts this month.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John takes a shot at ABC Television for their inane "UFO" program. Later, he talks about how the Chandra X-Ray Observatory may have discovered 10,000 black holes near the core of our galaxy. Good thing we live so far away! Also, John tells us where to find Jupiter and Saturn in the night sky, as well as the twin stars in Gemini, Castor and Pollux.

As always, take a look at the meeting minutes, plus our events calendar. And if you're a current member, you can always switch over to the new color PDF version of the newsletter, sent to you via E-mail!
 

Aliens of the Deep
A new IMAX movie compares deep-ocean exploration to our search for life in space
By Larry Evans

James Cameron is well known to the masses as the creative force behind such hits as "Titanic" and "The Abyss." But he's also brought us such fantastic scientific documentaries as "Ghosts of the Abyss" -- and now "Aliens of the Deep." This newest creation, filmed in IMAX, takes the audience down to some of the deepest parts of the ocean to visit vents called black smokers -- cracks in the ocean floor where noxious gases pour out into the surrounding water, but where true volcanic actions are unable to occur due to the tremendous pressure exerted by the miles of ocean above. The footage is breathtaking! It is hypothesized that these areas may hold vital clues to the origin on life on this planet, and may also form the basis of possible life on other planets where deep liquid exists. The future Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission (JIMO, shown above left) could uncover secrets hidden in the oceans under the ice mantle of Europa and other moons of the gas giant, such as Ganymede and Callisto. Cameron and his wife Suzy Amis are shown above, at right. On Page 5 of O.C.Space, we have some photos from the premier, including shots of "Desperate Housewives" star Teri Hatcher, several of the scientists involved in the show, and a bevy of red-carpet beauties.

Looking Outward: "America's Space Prize"
By Larry Evans

Our president discusses America's Space Prize, dreamed up by Robert Bigelow. Bigelow, and his eponymous aerospace company, is working on a space hotel based on the TransHab module originally designed for the International Space Station. He has set up a $50 million prize for anyone able to launch a booster to a 250-mile orbit, dock with his hotel, and do it again in 60 days or less. If they can do it, they get the cash. Check out the full editorial for more details.

Huygens Lands on Titan

We have some photos and artist renderings of Huygens' visit to Saturn's moon Titan. The probe touched down on Jan. 14, 2005. It is the most distant landing ever to take place in the space program -- for now. Expected to last only minutes after landing, Huygens continued to transmit data until Cassini dropped below Titan's horizon.

To the Stars: "The Misery of Page One"
By Greg Little

Kid Rock getting arrested for a bar brawl, or the confirmation of life on Mars...which would you put on Page 1 of the newspaper? Greg discusses how our space program continues to be stuffed in the back with the news briefs, at least until a disaster occurs. This is a commentary, he says, on how the real news -- that which makes a difference in the lives of people -- gets sublimated for what will sell more papers. As Greg says: "Where has our passion gone about expanding our horizons? Are we so caught up in pocket pagers, soccer practice, and a cup of Starbuck's, that we no longer see the forest for the trees? Has it gotten that bad?"

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John talks about a gamma ray burst that occurred on Dec. 27 of last year and how it could have had a more major impact on earth. He also talks about neutron stars, and the re-launch of the space shuttle.

As always, check out our meeting minutes and calendar in our print edition.
 

Making Tracks: Stories from Mars
Scientists and engineers from JPL share their stories from the past year on the Red Planet
By Larry Evans

Who would have thought that a year later, the twin Spirit and Opportunity rovers on Mars would still be going strong? Surely not the Mars Exploration Rover team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, California. On Jan. 3, 2005, the team got together to celebrate the first anniversary of this remarkable mission and to share stories about the journey. This article features stories from NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe, as well as mission scientist Dr. Firouz Naderi and mission managers Rob Manning, Jennifer Trosper and Mark Adler. In the top-left photo, O'Keefe (right) starts the celebration with JPL Director Dr. Charles Elachi. At bottom, the team gathers for a well-deserved family portrait.

Looking Outward: "The Sixth Floor"
By Larry Evans

Larry uses his column space to print another remembrance from a JPL MER team member, Steve Collins, an attitude control system engineer whose job it is to monitor the thrusters, gyros and software that keep the spacecraft and the rovers in the right place.

Spacecraft to Pluto

To continue the JPL theme, the facility donated to OCSS through Richard Shope a scale model of the Pluto Express spacecraft, which OCSS then donated to the Discovery Science Center. Several members, including Robert Kline, Jeff Howe, Gene and Tanja Archer, Cherie Rabideau and Larry Evans got together one weekend afternoon to assemble the piece at DSC, where it is now on permanent display upstairs. In the photo in the upper-right above, Robert Kline (left), Cherie Rabideau (center) and Jeff Howe put the finishing touches on the model.

To the Stars: "We've Only Just Begun"
By Greg Little

The Huygens probe and the return to flight of the space shuttle have refocused out attention on the wonder and excitement of space exploration. Our columnist discusses how we need to continue to push forward and inspire our children to reach for the stars. This column is very inspirational and worth picking up!

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John also talks about Huygens, saying that this is a good time to go out with a telescope and gaze upon Saturn. He also tells us where some of the brighter stars will be, as well as Jupiter.

And, as always, we have our meeting minutes and our space calendar.
 

Mars Mania Returns
A record-setting crowd comes to the Discovery Science Center to participate in exploration
By Larry Evans

We pride ourselves on our ability to go out into the general public and successfully educate groups about space and science. But we get even more excited with the public comes to us. And it's even better when we can work with our favorite partner, the Discovery Science Center, to create an event that generates as much excitement as "Mars Mania" did a year ago. (Yes, this event occurred a year ago. With all we do in OCSS, it's often difficult to keep up with our own pace! However, with another major event coming up at DSC on Sunday, Jan. 16 to celebrate the Cassini mission, we thought we'd take this opportunity to look back at this event.) During the "Mars Mania" event, we had a full-scale Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) on-hand to greet guests as they entered the facility. "Andy the Astronaut" (LRV builder Andy Monsen) even walked around, entertaining kids. There were talks by Boeing on the launch of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers; a 90-minute talk by Larry on President Bush's space initiative (originally scheduled to last 30 minutes); and a lecture on Mars by Dr. Maureen Clemmons that was interrupted by the God of War himself (played by OCSS member Patrick Fahey). DSC's own Dr. Neil Campbell gave a presentation on the journeys of the Martian rovers, which turned out to be so popular that more programs had to be added throughout the day to accommodate everyone! OCSS member Richard Shope gave a very entertaining presentation on Mars, using children from the audience as props. Richard is one of the most gifted presenters we have ever worked with (see photo above, right). We had a very large OCSS display, and it even garnered media attention (see photo above, left). This was the second "Mars Mania" event at DSC; the first was last summer when Mars was at its closest approach.

Looking Outward: "A Message from the Ants"
By Larry Evans

Our president takes a scene from an episode of the TV series Babylon 5 to ponder how space exploration can be terrifying, while at the same time deeply exciting. It is this dichotomy that drives us out into the darkness, pulling at our sleeves, begging us to venture farther.

To the Stars: "Clutch Performer"
By Greg Little

When Sean O'Keefe came into office as NASA's administrator, your columnist was skeptical. However, despite the tragedy of Columbia and other dark marks on the agency, Little believes that O'Keefe is leaving the agency better than it was when he started, and that the space program in general seems to be heading in the right direction.

Planetarium
By John Goerger
(Due to a scheduling conflict, John's column could not make it into the print version of O.C.Space. It is presented in its entirety here.)

Where were you and what were you doing in January 1998? Since then, what have you done over those intervening years and what are you doing now? Imagine floating but with no feeling of speed, depth, direction--no sense of velocity or inertia, just existence. Surrounding you is an infinite black sphere that appears to have both bright and faint multicolored pinpoints of lights embedded within it, with one very large, white, round light and a blue-green globe and a smaller whitish-gray orb, all of which appear to be receding from you. Eventually, only the large round light is visible, but it too gradually seems to grow dimmer as time passes. However, the diamond-studded lights remain fixed, unmoving, except for one butterscotch colored dot, which over time seems to be getting larger. Imagine if you were the Cassini Spacecraft heading for Saturn.

A day after opposition (the time when a planet rises as the sun sets), which in 2005 is January 13 on Earth, and about two hours later, Saturn will be in a fine position in the winter night sky for observing. While you observe this ringed world though a telescope, on January 14^th, the robotic space probe Huygens will descend through the atmosphere of Saturn’s largest moon, Titan. Will it make a soft landing, or end up sinking into a sea of liquid methane? On this date Saturn is also at its closest to Earth, 750 million miles! Saturn shines around a -0.4, with Jupiter rising around 1 a.m. on New Year’s Day at a brilliant -2.1 visual magnitude. By the 31^st Jupiter clears the eastern horizon by 11 p.m.

Mars rises around 5 a.m. Look for a crescent Moon about 5 degrees to the right of Mars on the 7^th. Mars is still not very bright yet, glittering at a 1.5 visual. Mercury at a -0.4 (note same as Saturn) and Venus at a -3.7 are near each other during the first two weeks of January, in the predawn sky. The Earth is at its closest to the Sun on New Year’s Day, 2005----91.4 million miles.
 

A Gathering of Eagles
More then 30 astronauts, cosmonauts, and space-related celebrities gather in Burbank
By Larry Evans

Astronaut Wally Schirra: "How would you rank your overall importance to the space program?"
Comedian Bill Dana, as skittish "astronaut" Jose Jimenez: "Well, there's George Washington and Benjamin Franklin [holding up fingers for each], so that puts me at number three."
Schirra: "But Washington and Franklin had nothing to do with the space program."
Jimenez (gleefully): "Then that puts me at number one!"
This little skit shows how much fun not only the astronauts had, but so did the rest of us at the Astronaut Autograph Show that was held this past Labor Day weekend in Burbank, California. Astronauts, cosmonauts, and celebrities descended on the Hilton ballroom to sign just about anything. OCSS had more than a dozen volunteers on hand to provide whatever support the guests required, from delivering food and water, to manning the door, to selling photos for autographs. Our friend Francis French from the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego recommended us to the show organizers, and we were more than happy to help out. In the photos above, at left, member Dennis Gilliam (right) sits with Alexie Leonov, the first human to walk in space. He had just signed a Soviet spacesuit helmet for Dennis. In the photo on the right, a young fan shows off his Saturn V rocket that he got signed by several astronauts in attendance.

Looking Outward: "The Next Four Years"
By Larry Evans

With the rancor of the 2004 presidential election behind us, our chapter president looks toward the future with hope that President Bush will be able to continue to push forward on his plans for space exploration.

Mission: SPACE

Disney's Epcot theme park, part of the sprawling Walt Disney World Resort complex just outside of Orlando, Florida, has grown beyond its start as a world's fair-type park. One of the latest additions to the park is Mission: SPACE, which takes riders through a simulated journey to Mars. It is a simulator-based ride, and through the use of centrifuges, eye-popping graphics, and all the requisite spaceflight-based noise, you feel as though you're really rocketing through the cosmos. It's not for the faint of heart--or stomach--but our intrepid president, Larry Evans, braved the experience and lives to tell about it in this issue.

To the Stars: "Huck and Hubble"
By Greg Little

Our columnist artfully parallels the journeys through the unknown for the fictional Huck Finn, and all the surprises he encountered on his journey down the Mississippi River, to that of future space explorers, who may likely encounter unknown forces or beings.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John discusses Meteor Crater in Arizona, as well as the possibility of another impact. Plus, he lets us know where Saturn, Jupiter, Venus, and Mars will be in the sky.

As always, check out the Secretary's Notes for the latest chapter news, and our Space Calendar for upcoming events.
 

November 2004, Volume 15, Number 11

A Space Age for the Rest of Us
By Larry Evans

Those of us in the "space business" have long turned our eyes to the stars with the dream of going where only government-trained astronauts have tread. In the back our our minds, we knew it was probably a long shot. Ah, but dreams are a powerful thing. And when those dreams are in the head of Burt Rutan, they're not so far-fetched after all. After a successful test flight on June 21 [see July 2004 O.C.Space], followed by the first competitive flight on Sept. 29, pilot Brian Binnie took SpaceShipOne to 367,442 feet--a new altitude record that secured the $10 million Ansari X Prize and gave birth to a new industry. In the photos above, at left, Anousheh Ansari holds a copy of Space Tourism: Do You Want to Go? by OCSS member John Spencer. At right is a composite photo of the prize-winning flight, with SpaceShipOne heading straight up and it's carrier craft White Knight veering to the left.

Looking Outward: "The Politics of Space--Part 3: Dreaming the Big Dream"
By Larry Evans

Our president finishes his discussion of how this year's presidential election could impact the American space program.

Space Frontier Conference

The 13th annual Space Frontier Foundation conference was held for the first time on the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California. OCSS set up a large display in three areas, and several members and friends volunteered to ensure everything went smoothly. Burt Rutan accepted the Foundation's Vision to Reality award in recognition of the success of SpaceShipOne. Rutan was quite gracious with his time, giving an almost two-hour talk after the awards dinner.

To the Stars: "Our Neighborhood"
By Greg Little

Our columnist discusses how the discovery of other planets in neighboring systems could signal that we're not alone.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John lets us know where to find Venus and Jupiter, as well as Saturn and the moon. He also talks about how vital it is for humans to continue pushing into space.

And, as always, we have our meeting minutes and our calendar of space events.
 

October 2004, Volume 15, Number 10

Global Friendships for the Future
By Larry Evans

We finish up our coverage of of the summer activities at Space Camp Turkey in this issue. (Part one of the coverage was in September's issue.) In the photo at left, new OCSS member Colleen Brown jumps off a boat into the Aegean Sea.

Looking Outward: "The Politics of Space--Part 2"
By Larry Evans

Our president continues his discussion of how this year's presidential election could impact the American space program.

Istanbul Students Visit California

Students from the Koc School (pronounced "coach") in Istanbul came to Southern California and visited "must-see" destinations, such as Disneyland and Universal Studios. Plus, they had a chance to visit with some of the new friends from the United States that they met at Space Camp Turkey. Members Melanie Brown and Sema Basol hosted barbecue dinners at their homes where everyone could visit and unwind after a fun day exploring.

To the Stars: "Curious George"
By Greg Little

Our columnist takes issue with some of Larry Evans' political viewpoints.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John lets us know where to find Saturn, Regulus, Jupiter and a lunar eclipse. He also talks about the two Neptune-sized planets that were recently discovered.

And, as always, we have our meeting minutes and our calendar of space events.
 

September 2004, Volume 15, Number 9

"International Teamwork"
Space Camp Turkey hosts the second summit to bring together kids from around the world
By Larry Evans

OCSS' travels once again takes us to Izmir, Turkey, where several members took part in the second Global Friendship Through Space Education (GFTSE) summit at Space Camp Turkey. Students participated in a number of space-related activities, and also had fun associating with new friends from different countries. There was a link with the International Space Station, as well as a video conference with Johnson Space Center. Sixth- through ninth-grade students from the United States, Turkey, Greece, Israel and Bulgaria participated, nearly 140 in all. This blurb and the photos don't do justice to the story; you'll have to order your copy of O.C.Space to read more!

Looking Outward: "The Politics of Space"
By Larry Evans

Our president talks about how the upcoming presidential election may alter the future of space exploration in this country, mirroring the events set in motion by President Kennedy in 1961.

OCSS Responds to SpaceShipOne

Many members of OCSS were able to attend the first civilian spaceflight on June 21 by Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites team and SpaceShipOne. Several members included their comments in this issue. Look for more comments in a future issue -- or you can just join OCSS so you won't miss an issue.

To the Stars: "Easing the Frustration"
By Greg Little

Greg talks about how he is worried about the future, when our leaders don't seem to be seeing the big picture when it comes to exploration -- or lots of things, for that matter. "Instead of building rocket ships to take us to the stars, we are building M-1 tanks to take us to the desert," he writes.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John talks about how it is through the scientific process that we gain knowledge, and just because someone makes a claim does not make it true. He also tells us what is up in the sky for the month, with Venus and Saturn making bright appearances.

We also have, as always, the secretary's meeting recap column, our space calendar, and top-notch photos.
 

August 2004, Volume 15, Number 8

Gravity Probe B Takes Flight
By Larry Evans

For decades, researchers have thrown everything they have at Albert Einstein's 1916 Theory of General Relativity, trying to knock it down. Gravity Probe B will use four incredibly precise gyroscopes in an attempt to detect any signs of space warping (the geodetic effect) and frame dragging. This has never been able to be tested because we never had the capability. Einstein theorized that a large body (i.e., a planet) would warp the fabric of space. Frame grabbing can be thought of like a body grabbing onto something (in this case, the fabric of space) and dragging it along with it. Surrounding the launch of GPB was a NASA educator's conference attended by several OCSS members.

Looking Outward: "Mars Gravity Probe-1B"
By Larry Evans

Our president talks about how the inspiration for the name of the Gravity Probe B likely came from the movie "Robinson Crusoe on Mars," and how that movie made an attempt to be realistic in its science during a time when most sci-fi movies did not.

Apollo 11: The Legacy
By Jeff Howe

July marked the 35th anniversary of the landing of Apollo 11, and OCSS' secretary talks about how the public's feelings about space has ebbed and flowed during the decades since that event.

To the Stars: "The Brilliant Whales"
By Greg Little

Greg uses the movie "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home" to illustrate how the future may be dependent on the most unlikely things -- like the humpback whale!

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John again talks about the Pioneer and Voyager missions, as well as interplanetary human spaceflight. Plus, he describes where Jupiter, Saturn, Venus, and other bodies are lurking in the night sky.

Be sure to check out the space calendar and the secretary's notes, plus the wonderful photos in this issue.
 

July 2004, Volume 15, Number 7

328,491 Feet
By Larry Evans

Scaled Composites and 63-year-old pilot Mike Melvill make history as they launch SpaceShipOne past the boundary of space. It is the first time a private citizen has taken a privately-built craft into space. Here, we detail the event. In the photos above, SpaceShipOne is carried under White Knight as it turns the corner from the Scaled Composites facility (left). At right, Melvill shows his enthusiasm after his successful flight.

Looking Outward: "Success"
By Larry Evans

Larry talks about how Burt Rutan understands and believes in space tourism, and how much the flight of SpaceShipOne has changed the future of spaceflight, one in which the private citizen can now play a direct role.

News Briefs

OCSS received the National Space Society's Chapter of the Year award, the second year in a row we have received that honor. Also, OCSS member Kaya Tuncer, founder of Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education, was honored on May 15 with the Ellis Island Medal of Honor. It pays tribute to American citizens for their outstanding contributions to their own ethnic groups, their ancestral countries, and American society. He is the first Turkish-American to receive the award. The final news item was the unveiling of this website.

To the Stars: "The Voyage Continues"
By Greg Little

Greg talks about his experience with NASA TV, as it broadcasts such notable moments as the Columbia disaster, reports from the International Space Station, Mars rover updates...all thanks to this station finally being allowed some air time.

We also have an update on Cassini's arrival at Saturn, set to occur at 19:36 PDT on June 30. And, as always, we have Secretary Jeff Howe's meeting notes.
 

June 2004, Volume 15, Number 6

"The All-American Boys"
Apollo 7 astronaut Walt Cunningham takes an unvarnished look at America's space program
By Larry Evans

Cunningham paid a visit to the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego to talk about his updated book The All American Boys. Walt autographed copies of the book, plus provided a spirited discussion on everything from the Mercury program through the International Space Station. He even touched on the post-Columbia era of space exploration. Here, Cunningham poses with OCSS Secretary Jeff Howe, and at right, Walt addresses the audience.

Looking Outward: "A Matter of Faith"
By Larry Evans

The OCSS president talks about how faith (not in a strict religious sense) is needed to justify the continued push into space. Some of these include faith in the future of humanity; faith that humanity is worth saving in the first place; and faith that we are destined to become a Solar System Species, reaching outward from Earth to place our feet on other worlds in exploration and eventual settlement.

"The Sounds of 'Sun Rings'"

We provide some photos of the program "Sun Rings" at the Orange County Performing Arts Center. It took actual sounds from space and paired them with original orchestrations. You'll have to get a copy of O.C.Space to read more about it!

To the Stars: "Lack of Intelligence"
By Greg Little

Our columnist tells a story of how humans on this planet evolved but got too full of themselves to realize that when evil strikes, it's better to be smart than strong.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Venus, Saturn, and Mars shine in this column, as our columnist tells us just where to see it. Plus, he provides a little history on the Pioneer and Voyager missions.

And, as always, Jeff Howe's "Secretary's Notes" recap the previous month's meeting, and our calendar lets you know what's going on in space.