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Getting Vertical at Kennedy
A first trip for a family to visit the historic sites at the Kennedy Space Center
By Greg Little

"Get Vertical!" the signs scream all the way to the Kennedy Space Center. The history of America's manned space program is showcased in all its splendor in a patch of paved area in the swamps of eastern Florida. Rockets, displays, astronauts, historic buildings -- the imagination bursts with the thoughts of what has gone on here over the past 50 years, and what is yet to come.

Looking Outward: "Arthur C. Clarke"
By Michelle Evans

While last month's article detailing what to do about large, planet-killing asteroids was great, our columnist states that we should not forget what can happen should a smaller object hit a city. The economic damage -- to say nothing about the loss of life -- would still be devastating to a country and possibly the planet. Imagine if an asteroid took out Los Angeles, or New York, or Washington, D.C., or Paris? We can still utilize these rocks for good: Grab a hold of them, and they can serve as an incredibly lucrative source for raw materials.
 

Asteroid Impact: Protecting the Earth
Astronaut Rusty Schweickart shows the dangers posed by rocks from space
By Michelle Evans

It's not a matter of if an asteroid will hit earth, but when. As more evidence is found to support that a six-mile-wide asteroid (or thereabouts) killed the dinosaurs, equal evidence suggests that something similar may happen again. Apollo 9 astronaut Rusty Schweickart joined Fullerton College professor Dr. Bruce Cordell in the campus' first Futures Exploration Series presentation (see our calendar section on this site for upcoming programs). Schweickart talked about one of the better options to keep life-ending asteroids from hitting our planet -- a push/pull system that uses low-power rockets to coax a rock to slow down or change its path. See our newsletter for more details.

Looking Outward: "SpaceShipTwo"
By Michelle Evans

In the first 50 years of spaceflight, we have yet to reach 1,000 astronauts. But if Virgin Galactic has its way, in the next 12 years, 100,000 people will have touched space on flights by SpaceShipTwo or its followers. Imagine! As easy as it is now to hop on a commercial jetliner and wing across the planet, now you will be able to strap into a commercially-built spacecraft and blast above the planet. Late this year or early 2009, expect the future to arrive.

2001 Cinerama Display

When the Pacific Cinerama Dome in Hollywood, California, asked us to take part in the American Film Institute's special showing of "2001: A Space Odyssey," we jumped at the chance. After all, it is one of our favorite movies, and we already demonstrated success with "2001" displays (at the Egyptian Theater in Los Angeles, February 2001). However, we did not realize that this display would go so well. The theater was sold out, with nearly 900 people filtering by the display over a five-hour period. So well received was our presentation that the AFI has asked for our possible assistance for any possible future space-themed movies.

To the Stars: "Telstar Temptation?"
By Greg Little

Our government claims that it shot down an old spy satellite because it contained very dangerous chemicals onboard that could be a threat should it come down in any inhabited areas. However, one has to wonder if we simply shot the craft down to show that we could. Very few in our government care about -- and far fewer understand -- our space program and what it can do for our society. However, the knee-jerk reaction that members of our legislative branch show is sadly indicative of a larger issue: who does our government care about more, us or themselves?

Planetarium
By John Goerger

NASA's budget continues to move forward, with plans to finish the International Space Station, develop a new manned launch vehicle, and establish a lunar base by 2020. It also calls for the retirement of the space shuttle by September 2010, which would create a gap of about four years where the United States has to ask other countries for a lift into space. Politics being what they are, there is always a chance that we could be left at the curb with no ride home. Sadly, other space organizations press for unmanned probes to the planets, but that's just not logical and not an extension of mankind into space.
 

New Mexico Space Competition
The X Prize Cup Air & Space event attracts a smaller than normal crowd
By Ray Montgomery

Competition inspired the Orteig Prize in 1927, won by Charles Lindbergh when he crossed the Atlantic Ocean flying solo. Now, nearly a dozen airlines hop across The Pond between North America and Europe several times a day without giving the feat a second thought. It is hoped that this same competitive fire fuels the conquest of the stars with several space lines taking people to orbit -- or further -- and back again, making it as routine as a hop to Las Vegas for the weekend. The X Prize Cup is billed as an air show of sorts, meant to showcase the future of private spaceflight much as the barnstorming early days of air travel inspired others to take to the sky. While the crowds were not exactly inspiring, it often takes some time before the public is ready to embrace something so different as daily flights to space.

Looking Outward: "A Whole New World"
By Michelle Evans

We have held nearly 70 meetings at the Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, California, since 2001. Over that time, we have hosted space shuttle launches in their video theater, created and managed space and science displays, designed events for the center (including one that brought in the single largest daily attendance to the center up to that time), and arranged for the donation of space simulation equipment worth nearly $1 million. And yet, as time moved on, the attitude from DSC toward OCSS became more and more hostile, eventually culminating in their final refusal to allow us to meet there ever again. They assert that DSC has grown over the years and basically don't need us anymore ("We're not the same science center we were a few years ago," they stated), and that our presence once a month took too much space and resources that could go toward other things. So, after all we have done for them -- including completely saving their summer programming in 2005 -- we were unceremoniously excused from the site. We may seem a little bitter, and perhaps we are, but the good news is that we now have a new meeting location at the Heritage Park Library in Irvine, California, and they are looking forward to seeing what wonderful things we can bring to their facility. Stay tuned to this new adventure!

We Are All Star Stuff
By Jeff Howe

When Carl Sagan said those words, he described how all living things on this planet are made up of the same elements. True, we diversified into plants and mosquitoes and humans and so on, but we're all the same at the elemental level. But far too many of us discount our similarities and the need to live and work together for the health of this planet and for the health of all species on it, regardless of your makeup.

To the Stars: "On Hallowed Grounds"
By Greg Little

It is hard to imagine the size of the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center until you see it up close. The tour bus could fit in one of the stripes of the United States flag painted on the building. It is the third largest building by volume in the world (after Boeing's 747/767/777/787 assembly plant in Everett, Washington, and the Aerium in Brandenburg, Germany), but what has gone on here puts just about every other building in the world to shame. Here, in this behemoth, the start of every American manned mission to space began. You can see its size from miles around, even from cruise ships departing from Port Canaveral to the south. It is truly an awesome site.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

While scientists continue to talk about what hellish situations would erupt on this planet should a large object from space hit here, no one is really talking about smaller objects -- say, the size of a football field. If one of those hit the center of Tokyo, or London, or Washington, D.C., what do you think the consequences would be? Thus, we must continue to push forward with lunar settlements and other outposts of mankind! But, while we are still on this planet, enjoy the total lunar eclipse which will occur on Feb. 20 at 7 p.m. PST.
 

Breaking Ground for the Future
The Columbia Memorial Space Science Learning Center starts to take shape
By Michelle Evans

When one thinks of places where space history were made, obviously the Kennedy Space Center and Houston's Johnson Space Center jump right to the forefront of our minds. But what many people don't know is that a large piece of land in the middle of Downey, California, held just as many formative moments in space history as the other sites. It was here that the foundations of manned spaceflight took root, where the Apollo Command Modules were created. And, later, Downey served as the genesis site for the space shuttle. But, for many years, this site has seen the ravages of time take its toll, with manufacturing moving elsewhere and the site itself slowly turning into a forgotten relic of space past. But that has all started to change as the site will become home of the Columbia Memorial Space Science Learning Center, due to open its doors on Feb. 1, 2009, the sixth anniversary of the tragic loss of the space shuttle Columbia. The site will feature exhibits, displays and more relating to the history of spaceflight, focusing on how Downey led the way. Plus, the facility will house a full-scale Challenger Learning Center, an organization that took its name from another lost orbiter but who has since educated tens of thousands of school kids about science and teambuilding.

Looking Outward: "By Any Other Name"
By Michelle Evans

Diversity is one of the cornerstones of our country. It was built on basic human freedoms, an idea that we have cherished for more than 200 years. In the ongoing battle to keep pushing forward with human space exploration, we have come to understand that it is humankind -- in all its various pieces -- that must survive. Our chapter president embodies that diversity and shows that it's the fight for the survival of our species that is important. So, while the gender may have changed, the person is the same, and the fight continues on -- with incredible support from our organization, its friends, and the space community.

OCSS Holiday Party 2007

OCSS 2007 Annual Review

To the Stars: "A Future of Hope"
By Greg Little

On two different planets, one race of beings embraces its diversity, knowing that all inhabitants are different, and that those differences make the society stronger as a whole. On a neighboring planet, the inhabitants decided long ago that there was a right and wrong way to live and that anyone differing from that format must be cast out. To share in this diversity, and take strength from it, is surely the better way to behave as a species, a fact that the inhabitants hoped would travel to a distant, blue planet, where intolerance was allowed too much prosperity.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

We continue to lament how rising energy costs are hurting developing nations on this planet. Eventually, oil supplies will dwindle, and the cost for the remaining stores will skyrocket. So, why don't we look for other avenues for our insatiable need for energy? An asteroid 1.3 miles across could be worth $40 trillion (mid-1990s figures) and could be mined, transported and refined easier, cheaper and at less risk to our own environment than anything we have on this planet.
 

On the Way to Mars
The 10th annual Mars Society conference is held in Los Angeles
By Ray Montgomery

While it might seem to some that the fervor over Mars exploration has waned, the Mars Society shows that that's far from the truth. Consider their projects: the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) on Devon Island, Canada; the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah; MARS-Oz in the Australian outback; and Euro-MARS in Iceland. All these projects show that an tremendous amount of research on the Red Planet continues to occur here on our Blue Planet, furthering man's understanding of the tasks in front of them should human explorers ever get the chance to touch down on the next planet out. The conference had a few booths set up, talks by NASA scientists and leaders in the Mars movement, including the ever-colorful Dr. Robert Zubrin.

Looking Outward: "The ENDA Game"
By Larry Evans

Discrimination in any form, by any group, hurts humanity as a whole. Whether it is over religion, sexual preference, skin color, or political affiliation, to exclude someone is to do harm at the basic human level. In OCSS, we believe that it is mankind as a whole -- not just heterosexuals, Democrats, or residents of Des Moines -- who need to come together and push for the full-time presence of humans in space. When exploration and progression as a species is the only topic of discussion, the answers will benefit everyone, no matter what they do behind closed doors, what car they drive, or what color hair they have.

Michael Lopez-Alegria Lands in OC

To the Stars: "The Human Touch"
By Greg Little

What would have happened on the International Space Station had there not been a human hand to fix a balky solar array? Could a robot have done the job -- cheaper and at less risk, if you listen to the naysayers? Absolutely not. Sometimes it takes a human hand and a human mind to create a solution and execute it flawlessly, as Dr. Scott Parazynski did on the most recent flight of the space shuttle Discovery. Imagine what humans have done already in space, simply by being there with a human brain and touch? What would have happened to the much-needed INTELSAT communications satellite had three enterprising spacewalkers ventured out of Endeavour on its maiden flight in 1990 and actually grabbed the large piece of hardware with their own hands? The grappling equipment did not work right, so it was a human hand that saved the mission. Robots only take us so far in the space race; humans help us cross the finish line.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Due to a deadline issue, we were unable to get this column into the printed version of O.C.Space. It is included here in its entirety.

Its Christmas, and you want a telescope as a present, or you would like to give one to someone you know, who is interested in astronomy but they do not have a telescope. Wait! Before you run out and pay hundreds or thousands of dollars, take your time and read this column, along with articles that relate to this subject in Astronomy or Sky & Telescope magazines. Some telescopes offered for sale during this time of year are known as “Christmas Trash Telescopes.” They are advertised as having huge magnification capabilities, but the size (diameter of the objective) of the mirror or lens of the telescope is too small for the magnification claimed. The rule is the following: For a telescope with a diameter of only 4 inches, the maximum theoretical magnification limit (power) is 200x, and that is assuming the sky is steady, there's no wind, the sky temperature is cool, with no or low humidity. If the diameter is 8 inches, then multiply 8 by 50 which equals 400x. The Objective dictates the amount of light gathered, thus take a 4-inch and multiply it by itself (4x4=16); however an 8-inch is 64! Greater surface area relates to better clarity or “finer detail” of the objects you are viewing. A refractor (lens-mounted) is twice the cost of a reflector (mirror-mounted). So if you bought an 8-inch reflector telescope it would be the same cost you would pay for a 4-inch refractor. Within the reflector group are telescopes classified as a Schmidt-Cassegrains, a more portable type of scope. Many of them are equipped with a motor drive to compensate for the apparent motion of the sky. Another factor is the “focal length” of the telescope. Take that number and divide it by the number on your eyepiece. The answer is the power of that eyepiece. Do not exceed the maximum for your scope's diameter. Mars, in the east, glows at a -1.3 after sunset. Saturn rises around midnight at a +0.7, and Venus shines at a -4.2 in the early morning eastern sky. The first day of winter is Dec. 21.
 

Tracy Caldwell and Mission STS-118
The first astronaut born after the Apollo 11 landing makes her ride into orbit
By Jeff Howe

From her youth helping her father with electrical projects, to her time in the chemistry labs at Cal State Fullerton, UC Davis and UC Irvine, Dr. Tracy Caldwell had a knack for science and engineering. Those skills propelled her to a seat on Endeavour on mission STS-118.  Caldwell served as Mission Specialist I, taking much needed supplies and the S5 truss to the International Space Station. Raised in Beaumont, California, Caldwell spent a good part of her adult life working in Orange County, and thus has been named an honorary member of OCSS. Her story is one of the most wonderful ones to tell, a story that illustrates how hard work, determination and dedication can take you to unheard-of heights. She is one of the most inspirational people I have ever met, and this article is definitely worth a read.

Looking Outward: "Mine the Blamed Thing"
By Homer Hickam

October Sky author Homer Hickam's response to a Los Angeles Times letter to the editor is reprinted in this issue, with the author's permission. Hickam discusses how, as a boy, he was asked at a rally with President Kennedy just what we should do with asteroids. Hickam, not missing a beat, said, "Mine the blamed thing!" Bear in mind that the rally was at a mine shaft where Hickam and most of his town worked, thus bringing quite a few hoots and laughs from the crowd who was likely all for mining something that could very well bring in considerable money. Hickam goes on to say that it's crazy to think that we wouldn't want to continue to push forward with the space program, for no other reason that there's quite a bit of money to be made out there.

What Do You Want to Do?
By Dr. Tracy Caldwell

While at an event at UC Irvine, Dr. Tracy Caldwell relayed a story that has always hit me close to my heart. When she was nearing the end of high school, Tracy told her parents that she was confused about what direction to take and was hoping for some direction. Her parents asked her, "What do you want to do?" Tracy responded that she always liked animals, so maybe a veterinarian. Or possibly a doctor. They corrected her and said, "No, not what do you want to be, what do you want to do? Figure out the things that you like to do, that make you happy and fulfilled, and find a career avenue that lets you do that." Tracy's response is one of the best on the subject I have ever heard. Anyone confused about their own career path, or for those readers who might have children at home who have reached this same point, this article is a must-read.

To the Stars: "A Sensible Solution"
By Greg Little

When madmen plowed two airplanes into the World Trade Center, there was a group of humans orbiting above, working to create a better existence for all mankind. However, current sentiment is that the space shuttle program is a failure (thanks to the loss of two vehicles), on top of the belief that the war against terrorism is a better place to focus our time and money. However, by escalating the spending and passion for the space program, we can bring these vial lessons back into the forefront of our consciousness and start creating the priorities that are desperately needed.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The discovery and monitoring of near-earth asteroids continues to be a woefully underfunded program. Not only do these rocks pose a serious risk to the planet, but on a more altruistic level, they can be worth a great amount of money if brought into orbit and mined. Also, the tracking of these objects will help ensure that they do not pose a threat to the equipment we already have on orbit, namely the International Space Station and the space shuttle. John also tells us where to find Jupiter, which is bright at -1.8 in the southwest at sunset. Venus is in the east-southeast, practically blazing at -4.4.

This is one of our best issues, and if you missed it, join OCSS!
 

Spacefest and 50 Years of Space
A first-time event is a great hit, even during the grueling heat of an Arizona summer
By Larry Evans

How often are representatives from every Apollo landing mission in one room together? Not often, and thus the added wonder that was Spacefest in Tucson, Arizona. The event even hosted representatives from Skylab! Vendors selling space-related memorabilia and artwork were also on-hand, but it was the moonwalkers that stole the show. Autographs were signed and talks given, for sure, but merely having these amazing men together reminded us all of the awesome power that the space program can bring to a civilization.

Looking Outward: "50 Years and Counting"
By Larry Evans

There were no scientific instruments on Sputnik. No cameras, no mechanisms. Just a whip antenna and a radio, broadcasting a constant beep that reverberated throughout the world. Where have we come in the 50 years since? When Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969, we were all sure that private rockets to space and jet packs for our daily commute would surely be on the near horizon. But, obviously, the space race calmed down. So what will the next 50 years bring? With a renewed interest in space through the International Space Station and the growth of space tourism, maybe we'll finally see those commuting jet packs--for our jobs on the moon.

Apollo County Parks

In the high desert of California, just outside the town of Lancaster off Highway 14 and Avenue G sits Apollo County Parks, a collection of three lakes, each named after the crew members of Apollo 11. Also at the park is the Apollo Command Module boilerplate, owned by the Smithsonian and on loan to the park. There is a chance that the artifact will be transferred to the new Columbia Center in Downey, California, which would make it more accessible to OCSS members.

To the Stars: Culture Change
By Greg Little

When Neil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon, the nation felt immense pride. The United States finally beat the Soviet Union at something in the space race, and on a monumental scale. Since then, we have seen interest in the space program wane. Now, network news broadcasts show small clips of launches, yet devote several times more coverage should something bad occur on a mission, creating the image of spaceflight as horribly expensive and catastrophically dangerous. But, with the International Space Station nearing completion, perhaps a change in attitude toward space will take place, finally drawing us to the moon and Mars.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Changing public opinion about space is difficult. Even when pointed out that the cost for our space program is so low, too many people continue to believe that it is a waste of money, that we can put the money to better use on this planet. There is serious concern that the sciences, especially the space program, will not survive in this country considering the continued attacks on science by religious groups.

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"In the Shadow of the Moon"
The adventure of exploring another world is shown in a fascinating new documentary.
By Larry Evans

Perhaps its release during the 50th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik was a coincidence, but David Sington's "In the Shadow of the Moon" certainly capitalizes on this anniversary, though the incredible quality of completeness of his work allows this production to stand on its own as one of the best chronicles of man's early journey into space. Capturing not only the majesty of walking on the moon, "In the Shadow of the Moon" also recounts the thrilling--and often terrifying--flights these men took on the enormous Saturn V rockets, details that have often been glossed over by previous works. What added to the mastery of this work is the personal views of the astronauts, comments not funneled through the NASA PR machine or rehearsed for a TV special. These men made the trip special, and their remembrances make this production equally so.

Looking Outward: "Go Tracy, Go Barbara!"
By Larry Evans

The August mission of the space shuttle Endeavour on STS-118 not only delivered needed equipment to the International Space Station, but it also carried two very special astronauts: Education Mission Specialist Barbara Morgan, and Mission Specialist Tracy Caldwell. Morgan was Christa McAuliffe's backup for mission STS-51L in January 1986 aboard the shuttle Challenger, and now she has finally been allowed to carry on the great Teacher in Space program Christa championed. Tracy is from Orange County, where she graduated from California State University, Fullerton, before taking on duties in postdoctoral research at the University of California, Irvine. When she was selected by NASA to enter astronaut training (in the same class as Morgan) she was the youngest astronaut on the corps, and the first born after the Apollo 11 landing. Now, they are a part of the great history of manned space exploration, and we congratulate them both.

Summer Picnic Extraordinaire

We always have a great time, and a great turnout for our summer picnic celebration. This year it was even better than previous events in that we were joined by a group of 20 young students from China. Last year, while at Space Camp in Huntsville, our president, Larry Evans, met with its founder, Ed Buckbee. His friend, Anna Wang, brings students each year to the United States for a summer of immersion in English. She asked if we might be able to host a group sometime in the future, and our July 28 picnic this year was just the ticket. OCSS members and the kids shared an afternoon eating lots of American barbecue hot dogs and burgers. Arthur Kienle went above and beyond by bringing his home grill to augment the two at Brookhurst Park. Bob Kline livened up the day with his great rocket launches, while Ray Montgomery shared his love of Tai Chi with the students and their teacher. Thanks to everyone for making this a memorable day for our groups on both sides of the Pacific. 

To the Stars: "It's Only a Machine"
By Greg Little

Machines break. Tires go flat on cars, fuses blow in hairdryers, and unfortunately, flying machines fall out of the sky. But when you watch a spacewalk, knowing how complex the astronauts' flying machine is, as is the machine they're working on, you can't help but wonder how they could be whistling and singing while doing the work. It's simple--the rewards are just too great. Setbacks are part of the package when you're dealing with complex machines; Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia showed us that. However, what we have accomplished is truly amazing, and we owe that level of accomplishment to the men and women who continue to push on.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

There are an estimated 260,000 Near Earth Objects, ranging in size from a third of a mile to 100 yards across, about 30.6 million miles from our planet. One of these days, our orbits will cross. Some of these rocks will burn up in our atmosphere, some will bounce off, and some....Unfortunately, we do not have the capability at this time of spotting them from earth. Thus, the most logical thing is to construct space-based asteroid- and comet-searching telescopes. John also tells us that Jupiter is the brightest star-like object in the night sky and sets at about 1 a.m. on Sept. 1 and two hours earlier on the 30th. Mercury will also be up, but not as bright (-0.1) on the 21st, but only four degrees above the western horizon at sunset. Venus is exceptionally bright (-4.8) and rises 1.5 hours before sunrise. Remember--the first day of autumn is the northern hemisphere is Sept. 23.

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Diving with a Moon Pilot
The Astronaut Scholarship Foundation provides a unique opportunity
By Larry Evans

A great deal of space-related memorabilia can be found in private collections and at auctions the world over. From artwork to space-flown materials, there are companies that make a living selling off pieces of space history. However, one of the more unique items was a chance to scuba dive with Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Col. Alfred M. Worden. This was not only a great auction item, but it was also a fundraising item for the Astronaut Scholarship Fund. This fund helps make the collegiate dream come true for the best and brightest in math or engineering, those students who are committed to those fields. OCSS member John Smith won the auction and dove with Worden in the Florida Keys. It was an awesome experience to say the least!

Looking Outward: "400 Years of America"
By Larry Evans

On a little patch of Virginia coastline, the colony of Jamestowne was founded 400 years ago. My, what we have learned--and experienced--since then. Say and believe what you want about what exactly went on during those early days, but the first settlers understood one thing: survival. If they did not move on and discover new horizons, they died. And now, we embrace that mindset by sending astronauts to space to discover even broader horizons for our species--so we can continue to survive. On a recent space shuttle flight rode a small metal cargo tag, stamped with the words "James Towne" and originally sent from England to the New World, only to be lost for hundreds of years. Now, by way of a few orbits of the earth, it has found its way back home.

Universeum
By Thommy Eriksson

Universeum is a science center in Goteborg, Sweden, that attracts about 500,000 visitors a year--about the same amount of visitors as residents in the city! The center's goal is to increase awareness of science and technology and to inspire young people to seek out that path when they get older. There are displays on the flora, fauna and climate of rainforests, as well as a large section on space. Included is an interactive computer graphics movie showing a trip through the universe.

To the Stars: "A Bright Future"
By Greg Little

Our columnist's son, Price, is set to become a senator, and perhaps later, president. While in these critical offices, he will oversee the fantastic voyages of Samuel Bastin, a captain in command of our nation's great mission to Jupiter, and affectionately called Nemo (a nickname bestowed on the dear captain by Price when the elder uncle was a baby). How fantastic would this future be, a glorious change where dedicated politicians who understand the need for mankind to expand actually make these events happen with real budgets and real drive, not this tip-toeing around like we do now with NASA's budget. The public will be educated by these fine men about what really needs to happen with our species, that our glory is out there, among the stars. We can all look forward to this, thanks to the drive dedication of President Price and his nephew, Capt. Nemo.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John discusses how a recent cable television show dramatizes a strike by an asteroid in the two-mile size. While this would indeed be catastrophic, it is extremely rare, even by asteroid strike standards. More likely would be a strike by a rock around the size of a football field, itself creating incredible destruction. But, again, no one is effectively looking for dangerous space debris. The second Total Lunar Eclipse of 2007 will happen in the early morning of the Aug. 28, and for those of you living in the western United States, you will get to see it from beginning to end. Start your observing at about half past midnight, and by 1:20 a.m. the moon will have moved into the earth's penumbral shadow. Totality is at 2:52 a.m. Also this month, Jupiter is shines at -2.3, and Venus and Saturn are low to the west at sunset.

Be sure to check out our calendar of events!

Into that Silent Sea
A review of the first volume in an ambitious new history of human spaceflight
By Larry Evans

The history of manned spaceflight is long and storied, filled with unbelievable successes and devastating failures. But through it all, the men and women remained steadfast in their goal of succeeding in an astounding endeavor. Both the United States and the Soviet Union were locked in a race to space, both not sure of where it would lead but determined to be the one in front. Francis French has written an excellent start to a much-anticipated collection of volumes dedicated to the history of human spaceflight. His contacts within the space industry stretch from the very beginning to the missions of today, on both sides of the planet. Keep an eye on O.C.Space over the next several months for more reviews as volumes are released.

Looking Outward: "Protecting the Democracy"
By Larry Evans

We take for grated the freedoms we are afforded in this country. Even while it seems as though our government likes to take some of those freedoms away, we are still able to voice our dissent and seek peaceful change. However, that's not the same in all countries. Turkey, a country we are quite familiar with in the space industry through our association with Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education, is at a crossroads now, with a secular government trying to hold on amidst a movement to bring more religious ideals into the country's infrastructure. OCSS member Buse Sengul lives in Turkey and talks about the amazing show of force by pro-secular demonstrators in the streets of Izmir, home of Space Camp Turkey.

Still Crazy After All These Years
By Jeff Howe

The early days of manned spaceflight were unique. The missions were new, the technology was new, and no one was really sure the whole system would work anyway. But, at least we had some of the finest aviators--and men--ever to grab a control stick to lead us down what would become a tremendously successful path. At an event in Seattle, Gene Cernan, Tom Stafford and Scott Carpenter entertained the overflow crowed at the Museum of Flight with stories of "the old days" and showed us all how we can each play a part in moving mankind forward into space. Oh, and the knee-slapping, fun stories didn't hurt either!

To the Stars: "Paris or Bust"
By Greg Little

The Russian computers on the International Space Station have developed problems. There is a slight tear in the thermal blanket on the space shuttle. Want to hear more? Well, you will have to wait ... we must first find out whether or not Paris Hilton is going to jail. The priorities of our citizenry is alarming, to say the least. Lives may be at risk in an extremely hostile environment, but leading the news is the fate of a rich, spoiled, over-partied heiress with a freakish obsession with small dogs. One has to hope--pray, really--that at some point, society will realize that real problems exist and that we need to know about them before the first commercial break ... or even the second.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Last month, our columnist mentioned that a 1.3-mile asteroid could be mined and produce an astounding amount of profit. Indeed, he states that it would be less expensive to have an asteroid at geostationary orbit, mine it, and transport the ore back to earth than it would be to locate, mine and process that same material on this planet! Jupiter is in the sky at a bright -2.5. On the 6th of the month, the earth will be at its farthest distance from the sun, which is called aphelion.

This issue includes a wealth of great photos, which you can have access to if you join OCSS.

Captain Skyway
The life and times of American icon and astronaut, Wally Schirra
By Michael Cutler

The Mercury 7 are now two, as Wally Schirra, Apollo 7 commander and the only man to fly in the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs, passed away on May 3. Schirra is remembered as an exceptionally capable, professional aviator and astronaut, and one of the greatest men you could ever meet. Forthright and determined while on a mission, it was Schirra's cool confidence that kept his Gemini 6 mission from aborting, despite what the instruments said. But beyond his skill and daring as a pilot, his demeanor with the public kept him a popular member of space's astronaut fraternity up until his death. Always willing to play a joke or prank, Jolly Wally was popular in every circle he entered. He may have been a Turtle, but he was also a great friend to many, and he will be deeply missed.

Looking Outward: "Hawking Goes Zero-G"
By Larry Evans

He has been one of the most influential and controversial scientists in modern times, but also one of the most popular. Stephen Hawking generated controversy when he suggested that a group of humans should permanently leave this planet in order for the species to survive, and now he has the chance to experience a little bit of that himself. Stricken with ALS disease for most of his life, Hawking has been bound to a wheelchair, unable to use the most basic motor skills. But thanks to the Zero-G company, Hawking was able to experience weightlessness for the first time, further fueling his desire to see mankind permanently inhabit the cosmos.

Bellflower Star Party
Photo essay by Pam Leestma, Judi Schoeffler, Peg Peterson and Larry Evans

A celestial event was held on May 15 at Valley Christian School in Bellflower. Organized by teacher (and OCSS member) Pam Leestma, this was a tremendous success, with several displays and talks, along with telescope viewing. Weather was fairly uncooperative, yet objects like Venus and Saturn were still visible, allowing some among the roughly 200 in attendance to have their first-ever views of these objects. The evening was a lot of fun for everyone involved, and we're looking forward to participating again next year.

To the Stars: "Alien Justice"
By Greg Little

How do beings in different civilizations dispense justice? Is there even a need? We have fought wars, exterminated groups of people, beaten and abused our neighbors all because of a different skin color, or a different religion, or a different answer to the same question. Are their races out there who have a more civilized way about this? Where can we look to find a better answer?

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Economics play an important part of our lives, and it should also play an important part in our space program. The asteroids we are worried about crashing into us can also be an economic boon if mined--perhaps to the tune of $30 to $40 trillion for a relatively "small" 1.3-mile asteroid. Our columnist also calls for us to remember that as the universe expands, objects we thought were, for example, 13.7 billion light years away is actually closer to 97 billion light years away thanks to the ever-expanding universe. John also shows us where to find Mercury and Venus, both bright, and how to locate Jupiter and Saturn.

Please join me in offering our condolences to Secretary Debbi Bennett, who lost her mother on May 12.

Sally Ride Goes to Mars
A recent update to her book, The Mystery of Mars, inspires young kids.
By Larry Evans

What has happened on Mars? What is currently happening there? What can we learn by visiting our nearest planetary neighbor? These are questions asked by and to Dr. Sally Ride during a lecture and book signing at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego, California. Both OCSS and The Mars Society set up displays for guests, and both organizations brought Mars rovers to entertain the crowds. OCSS highlighted the history of spaceflight in general, while The Mars Society talked specifically about the Red Planet.

Looking Outward: "Adventures in Inner Space"
By Larry Evans

Could building human habitats on the ocean floor help us understand how to live in space? Perhaps. Our president discusses that in an essay penned for the Orange County Register. Larry talks about how the construction processes needed for such an undertaking are different from those required in space, partly because of the intense water pressure versus the vacuum of space. However, what this would prove is just how we as humans can create long-term, sustainable habitats in violently extreme locations.

Science Festival at UC Irvine
Photo essay by Robert Traver and Cris Smith

OCSS has done several events with former astronaut Dr. Sally Ride. The biggest of these are her science festivals, usually held on the campus of a major university. We have now done two festivals at the University of California, Irvine, and one at UC San Diego. These are very popular, and OCSS has had a great time participating with them, especially when we get to work with kids. The most recent event at UCI also featured five-time shuttle astronaut Janice Voss, whose flights included the first rendezvous with the Russian space station Mir. 

To the Stars: "Ethnic Encounters"
By Greg Little

Whether it's a radio talk show host being fired for racial remarks, or deep-seeded regional divisions showing themselves on bumper stickers, race continues to play a role in our society, far too often with painful results. However, NASA continues to show how people, regardless of race or background, can successfully work together for the improvement of the species. The astronaut corps continues to be incredibly diverse, and perhaps that is the best lesson NASA has taught us.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Our intrepid columnist continues to remind us about the very real danger of Near Earth Objects--large ones--that have our home world in their crosshairs. But, John will bring us more on that later. He also mentions how one of the Democratic contestants for president, New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, mentioned a few years ago that he wants the government to increase funding to search for UFOs. Perhaps the fact that Roswell is in his state helps. John lets us know that Venus is a very brilliant -4.2 in the night sky, and that Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter are also up.

Don't forget our calendar section, as well as Debbi's great meeting minutes.

Teachers Exploring Space Education
Annual educator's conference at Johnson Space Center is going strong
By Pam Leestma

One of the strongest attributes to the Orange County Space Society is our ability to take complex scientific information and present it to the general public in a way that not only makes sense, but that excites and inspires people--especially children. OCSS member Pam Leestma has attended the Space Exploration Educators Conference in Houston the past four years and has brought back an incredible amount of knowledge to pass along to her classroom and OCSS alike. This year, Pam and her class had a chance to visit with Educator Astronaut Dr. Barbara Morgan, who will blast into space this June (along with honorary OCSS member Dr. Tracy Caldwell, who sang with astronaut band "Max Q" at the conference). Pam was also on hand for a new space education book called Kids to Space: A Space Traveler's Guide by Lonnie Jones Schorer. In it, Schorer includes chapters that educate school children about all sorts of space and science matters, and Pam was asked to add a chapter from the educator's side. The book has been very well received.

Looking Outward: "The 200"
By Larry Evans

It's one thing to have people excited and committed to jumping on to a new technology, but it's a different thing entirely for these same people to put their money where their interest is. That, however, is exactly what 200 people have done so far with Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo venture with Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites. These 200 people have put down their deposits for Virgin's first suborbital space tourism flights, showing that they indeed are serious about moving forward with their desire to experience what few people have. Imagine if people in the past took the same view of flying on the latest commercial passenger aircraft--paying for a ticket before the thing even flew! But, these intrepid souls have decided that they are ready for one of the greatest adventures in mankind, and they don't want to be left behind.

Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination

Currently showing at the California Science Center through April 29 is an exhibit featuring props, models and costumes from all six Star Wars movies. This alone is reason to check it out, but this exhibit goes beyond just highlighting movie memorabilia. Star Wars is used as a jumping off point to show how technologies envisioned in the movies might someday come to pass. Examples are medical prosthetics (Luke's replacement arm), to magnetic-levitation transportation (Landspeeder), to or even interstellar travel (Millennium Falcon and numerous other spacecraft). The exhibit is traveling around the country for the next few years: The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, June-August 2007; Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, September-December 2007; Museum of Science and Industry, Fort Worth, Texas, February-April 2008; The Science Museum of Minnesota, St. Paul, June-October 2008.

To the Stars: "Redneck Revelation"
By Greg Little

We tend to focus on children and the younger generation when we take our space education message to the masses. However, there is a sizeable group of older adults who not only have a passing understanding of the subject, but more importantly, a deep desire to learn more and a keen appreciation when information is presented. Recently, our columnist discovered that even in the south, where stereotypes tend to rule, people can be found who indeed look beyond their moonshine and hunting rifles and actually seek out space and science education--and even choose NASA-TV over "American Idol"! Now, if only we could all get NASA-TV....

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Despite the effects it could have on this planet, and its ability to sustain any sort of life whatsoever, Congress continues to keep NASA's Near Earth Objects (NEO) program from receiving the money it needs to effectively do its job. At present, the NEO program needs about $1 billion to finish the job, but the money is not there. NASA is tracking objects that are 3,300 feet in diameter, but there are objects out there that are much smaller and can create significant damage that NASA simple cannot afford to track. In other news, China launched an anti-satellite missile, and Iran launched one that can reach 90 miles. It's not exactly a comforting thought, since the International Space Station is within range of China's program. Venus, Jupiter and Saturn are all up in the early morning sky, and all look great even through small telescopes.

If you have been missing out on our color newsletter coverage, why not join OCSS and receive it every month in your E-mail? Click on the "Join OCSS" tab above.

Dreams of Homegrown Spaceflight
"The Astronaut Farmer" takes us on a quest for the grail of private access to space
By Larry Evans

It's not every day that a man builds his own spacecraft and rockets into space. And for Charles Farmer, it almost didn't happen either. But the intrepid dreamer, denied his trip to the stars by mitigating circumstances during the early days of the manned space program, continued to believe in his plan. That's the story behind the new film "The Astronaut Farmer," starring Billy Bob Thornton. The film follows farmer as he plans all facets of his trip to space, from digging through scrap yards for the proper material, to enlisting his family to help him build his version of the Mercury-Atlas combo that successfully launched the likes of John Glenn and Alan Shepherd into space. It's only when he tries to find the proper fuel that he runs afoul of the government in a classic dual between the rights and dreams of ordinary citizens, and the often unrelenting grasp of bureaucracy.

Looking Outward: "The Nowak Fiasco"
By Larry Evans

Isn't it a sad state of affairs when successful space missions can make remarkable discoveries on other planets and bring mankind one step closer to permanently inhabiting the cosmos, yet go almost completely unnoticed? It's even worse when the headlines that finally shine NASA's way is over the star astronaut who flipped out, drove on a love-inspired bender to confront her wannabe lover's other woman, all the while wearing adult diapers. It's a shame that this is the type of NASA story that gets the media in a frenzy, all the while forgetting the amazing data and photos coming back from Saturn. However, it simply goes to show that even astronauts are human, and the remarkable thing is that it took more than four decades for an astronaut to lose it! Ironically, it was a sports radio host of all people who said on the air, not long after this event, that it in no way makes him think any less of astronauts--professionals for whom he holds in extremely high regard. However, he said it just proves that love makes people do crazy things. But, perhaps the best quote was from the TV show "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and the character Willow, who said, "Love makes you do the wacky."

To the Stars: "To Err is Human"
By Greg Little

What happened to Lisa Nowak is a tragedy, but more in the sense that she will receive a great deal more scrutiny and criticism because of who she is. Gone are the days where the media ignored the less-than-ideal aspects of a star's life. Do you remember the front-page headlines about the Mercury astronauts' womanizing and hard living? The coverage of the time just wasn't like that. But now, our stars' lives are part of the never-ending news cycle in which we now live. But, what happened to Lisa Nowak shows that even these stars are human, that even the best-trained among us can't completely overcome all the vagaries of life. Also, it shows in quite a dramatic sense how we need to continue to send humans to space. It's that very emotion that is highly prized in such an unforgiving environment.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Imagine what would happen should one of those huge asteroids were to slam into Earth? Now, imagine it's not one of the huge "doomsday" asteroids, but something smaller, say the size of a football field? That would easily take out a major city. What if that major city were New York, or Los Angeles, or London? What do you think would happen to the local, national and global economy, to say nothing of the environment to have all that planetary matter kicked up? However, the very limited resources of SpaceGuard, brought online in 1995, is due to expire in 2009. John also tells us where to find our stellar neighbors, notably Venus and Jupiter.

Be sure to check our our great photos in the print edition. Don't have the print edition? Join OCSS!
 

X Prize Cup Reaches for Space
Second annual New Mexico event shows a maturing private space industry
By Ray Montgomery

Imagine what commercial aviation would be like had Charles Lindbergh not been inspired by the $25,000 Ortieg Prize in 1927? He took that inspiration an became the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Now, 80 years later, men and women are inspired by even loftier goals--to reach space, and to do so on their own, without any government assistance. Starting in 2006 and continuing every October, the X Cup will showcase private companies and their attempts to send their varied craft into space. From lunar-type landers to light-powered climbers, the technology unveiled in the desert outside Las Cruces is the stuff dreams are made of. OCSS was there to cover the event, including displays by member Ivor Dawson and his Traveling Space Museum.

Looking Outward: "NASA's Budget Crisis"
By Larry Evans

Just when you thought it was safe to get really excited about the future of manned spaceflight, the budget hawks in Washington, D.C. got their talons into the mix. No, NASA's budget was not cut per se, but when the new Congress was voted into office in November, the outgoing Congress decided that it would leave the budget to the new guys. Thus, work on the budget stopped, and 2006 levels would have to suffice, at least for now. That means NASA will have about half a billion dollars less in 2007 than it did in 2006. All branches and departments are affected, not just NASA. The government has historically been the one to start exploration and pave the way, allowing private enterprise to come in after it and develop things. If NASA is not allowed to continue its new push to the moon and beyond, then what do we have to develop?

Remembering Challenger

On Jan. 28, 2006, OCSS was invited to organize an event at the Reuben H. Fleet Space and Science Center in San Diego to remember the loss of Challenger and her crew 20 years previously. Also included were Columbia and Apollo 1. With all the other events being covered in O.C.Space, it has been difficult to find the proper spot to highlight this event, so this year, near these tragic anniversaries, we would again like to remember these brave crews and our human need to continue exploration of the cosmos. The 2006 event featured a panel discussion with Space Shuttle Commander C. Gordon Fullerton, OCSS President Larry Evans, and James Busby, to a full-house crowd at the center's special events theater. OCSS also provided a display featuring past and possible future achievements of America's space program.

To the Stars: "A Roaring Peace"
By Greg Little

What if the dinosaurs weren't killed by an asteroid, but instead scooped up and transported to a new planet in order to prevent their destruction? That's the theory of the author's young son, but it's not a completely preposterous notion. The dinosaurs were not interested in picking fights or taking over a neighboring country or creating the next global-dominating company. They were interested in eating and maintaining the natural balance of life, living in relative peace. Maybe we can take a lesson from this.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

It doesn't take a large interstellar body to bring havoc and terror to this planet. A relatively small comet will destroy most of the life on this planet just nicely--but John will have more on this topic next month. Our intrepid columnist tells us where to spot Venus, practically blazing at -3.9. But the end of February, it will be 27 degrees above the horizon at dusk. Mercury and Uranus are also up in the night sky, though dimmer. Saturn is relatively bright at 0.0 and rises at sunset. It is currently in opposition to the sun, but at 762 million miles it's at its closest to earth. Jupiter is also up and bright at -2.0. John also mentions that the New Horizons spacecraft will pass by Jupiter on Feb. 28 on its way to Pluto (or whatever it's called now), using Jupiter's gravity to help it along its way.

Of course, be sure to check out our great photos, our space calendar, and the detailed meeting minutes.
 

A New Light at Griffith Observatory
After complete restoration, the venerable observatory reopens to the public
By Larry Evans

More than 70 years ago, the now iconic Griffith Observatory opened its doors, and stargazing in southern California has never been the same. Over the decades that followed, the observatory started to show its age. The star machine in the planetarium was no longer modern, and the exhibits were starting to crumble. Thus, the need for renovation. Thanks to a large donation by Leonard Nimoy, as well as other public and private donors, Griffith is once again at the top of any list when a discussion of great public science centers is discussed. The renovation included the installation of a new Zeiss Mark IX Universarium and Evans & Sutherland laser projection system to really wow the crowds. The popular Foucault Pendulum was retained; it's always a crowd favorite. Plus, at Griffith, visitors actually get to touch rocks from the moon and Mars! A new theater was dug underneath the main entrance, and all the exhibits got a freshening up or a complete rebuild, in part thanks to OCSS Board Member Robert Kline, who has worked part time at Griffith for 28 years. Hats off to Bob! Take a look at this issue, as well as the photos above, to get a sense of the new face on this old Hollywood star.

Looking Outward: "Spouting Water!"
By Larry Evans

Dismissed as folly or scientific error, the existence of liquid water on Mars keeps coming into our conscience. When the Mars Global Surveyor probe was launched to the Red Planet in 1996 (along with the lander Pathfinder and its rover Sojourner), amazing images have been beamed back to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. One set of these photos showed what appeared to be a rivulet of water running down the side of a crater. Since liquid water cannot last long on the Martian surface, the theory was that pools of water still must reside under the surface and have been pushed to the surface. This theory was bolstered by a final set of photos by MGS, sent just before the craft fell silent, of another rivulet of water on a crater wall. The excitement was because MGS photographed that same crater previously, and no water evidence was seen.

OCSS 2006 Holiday Party
Photo story by Geza Binger and Larry Evans

This year has been exciting for everyone in OCSS. It seems every year gets busier for us, so it is wonderful when we can all take time to share a fun afternoon for a holiday get-together. It was great to see everyone who could make it. For everyone around the state, across the country and throughout the world who are OCSS members yet could not attend this event in person, remember that you are also part of what makes OCSS great. We all toasted a drink in your honor on that day as well.

To the Stars: "A Precious Future"
By Greg Little

From the smallest mom and pop shop on Main Street to corporate giants on Wall Street, disagreements and discussion about the state of the business is healthy. NASA learned this lesson the hard way after the losses of two orbiters and 14 astronauts. The culture created within NASA is now one of understanding and discussion, the second point of which is vital. Now, everyone from senior managers down to the night janitor has the ability to speak up--and most importantly, to have their opinion heard and cared about. It is the only way our space legacy can continue.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The doomsday scenario is a half-mile to mile asteroid crashing into the planet. But what about smaller asteroids, say the size of a football field? It may not kill everyone on Earth, but what if it hit Los Angeles? Or Washington, D.C.? What kind of global economic impact do you think it would cause? On another topic, the crew members on the International Space Station have been doing an incredible job getting the station up and running with new wiring and solar panels. Still think humans can't work well in space? Take a look at what's been going on a mere 60 miles over your heads. On New Year's Day, Venus blazes at -3.9 magnitude just 6 degrees above the southwest horizon, 30 minutes after sunset. Mercury is visible later in the month, and by the end of the month both planets are within 7 degrees of each other in the sky. Saturn, Jupiter and Mars will also make an appearance in January--but you'll have to read the full column to find out more!

Be sure to check out our space calendar. Make 2007 the year you resolve to get active in OCSS. Become a member, sign a friend up, or if you are a member, start the year out right with a visit to our monthly meeting. Make 2007 your own personal Space Year!
 

December 2006, Volume 17, Number 12

Shuttle Commander Visits Space Camp
Steve Lindsey, Commander of mission STS-121, traveled to Space Camp Turkey
By Larry Evans and Scott Woodham

OCSS has partnered a great deal with Space Camp Turkey and the organization Global Friendship Through Space Education. Both organizations have provided an immense amount of work in education and outreach to the youth of Turkey, southern Europe and the Middle East on the subjects of science and space exploration. NASA Astronaut Steve Lindsey, after completing the hugely successful STS-121 mission aboard Discovery, ventured to SCT to provide real-world (or, rather, off-world) experiences to the campers. Several astronauts and cosmonauts have made the trip to SCT, providing even more excellence.

Looking Outward: “A Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow”
By Larry Evans

At one time, Disneyland was one of the most visible places for concepts on the future. Rockets to the moon and Mars! Settlements on other planets! Personal jet packs! How cool would that be? Sadly, once Walt Disney died and his vision of the future along with him, what remained was a watered-down version of the future.

Israelis and Palestinians Bond at Space Camp Turkey
By Scott Woodham

Despite the recent upheaval in the Middle East, an unprecedented calm permeated Space Camp Turkey July 16-23. For the first time in the camp’s six-year existence, Israeli and Palestinian kids participated in a week-long Global Friendship Through Space Education program that also featured American astronaut Dr. Shannon Lucid—a veteran of five spaceflights and record holder for the most flight hours in orbit of any woman in the world. Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education has done a phenomenal job bringing different cultures together under the banner of space. Hundreds of school children have benefited from this program, one that has great international support.

To the Stars: “Twinkies and Terror”
By Greg Little

Real-world inspiration has often been found in fiction. One piece of fiction that still holds the most impact is “Star Trek” in all its incarnations, but mostly from the original series. Our columnist mentions one episode in particular, “Balance of Terror.” In this episode, Capt. Kirk faces off with an old enemy, the Romulans, whom no one had ever seen, even during the bloody war the two sides fought and are now holding on to a fragile peace. Neither side knew why they were thrust into the current situation, with both commanders realizing that peace and tranquility were far better than any mess that would result from either of their missteps. They were both forward thinking enough to realize that they alone, if they just thought for a few minutes without their fingers on the triggers, could keep things from escalating. It’s a pity our leaders today have not had the benefit of this inspiration themselves.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

While Discovery is visiting the International Space Station, the new Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) will become operational on Arizona’s Mt. Graham. The twin 27.6-foot mirrors were polished to the accuracy of one-millionth of an inch—3,000 times thinner than a human hair! Venus rises, but it difficult to observe. The moon is bright and crosses in front of the Pleiades star cluster, which will be difficult to see after the moon passes it due to the brightness of our nearest neighbor. Saturn rises and is in a good spot for viewing. Jupiter, Mercury and Mars also rises and will be visually near each other on Dec. 10. And, on Dec. 21 at 4:22 p.m. PST, winter in the northern hemisphere arrives.

Be sure to read about the Global Friendship and Space Camp Turkey articles. They are inspiring too.
 

November 2006, Volume 17, Number 11

Remembrance of Flying Higher and Faster
A memorial fund is established for X-15 pilot Joseph A. Walker
By Cathie Godwin and Larry Evans

On Aug. 22, 1963, Joe Walker pushed the X-15 to an unofficial altitude record of 354,200 feet, proving that winged aircraft could actually reach space and return safely. This flight also made Walker the first civilian to reach space. This man, a self-professed cowboy, was an asset like few others to the early space program. Tragically, Walker was caught in a wingtip vortex from an XB-70 bomber he was flying with, which caused the F-104N he was piloting to cartwheel out of control and break up. A memorial fund has been set up to preserve the our nation’s historical experimental aircraft; give financial support to send a student and faculty staff member from Joseph A. Walker Middle School in Quartz Hill, California, to a session of Space Camp each summer; place a plaque honoring Joe Walker and U.S. Air Force Maj. Carl Cross at the F-104N/XB-70 crash site about 10 miles outside Barstow, California; development of a partnership between the Joseph A. Walker Middle School and a school from his hometown of Washington, Pennsylvania; placement of a model of the X-15 on the grounds of Joseph A. Walker Middle School; and a yearly celebration of Joe Walker’s life and achievements. You can make donations to the fund by visiting www.ocspace.org.

Looking Outward: “First Look at the Future”
By Larry Evans

Who would have thought that we would have to wait nearly 50 years before space tourism was not a laughable plan? After the Apollo program, everyone figured that the natural progression of the space program would see average Americans heading into space. Even Pan Am got involved! But alas, that did not happen ... until now. Thanks to visionaries such as Burt Rutan and Richard Branson, we are finally on the cusp of gaining that foothold into private space travel.

Anousheh Ansari Takes Flight

The fourth space tourist—and first woman—blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on Sept. 17, 2006. Anousheh Ansari, who helped finance the X Prize, spent 11 days on the International Space Station. When she returned, she pledged that she would return as soon as she could. We have no doubt!

To the Stars: “A Sad Comment”
By Greg Little

It’s sad ... how many people realize that humanity has had permanent inhabitants of space for quite some time? Do people not pay attention to the world? Unfortunately, they don’t. Far too many people are set in their ways, more eager to engage in those things that center first on them. Selfishness is what it’s called. We are at the early stages of space travel, more akin to where the Vikings were when they set out across the Atlantic Ocean. We must continue to move forward, to break into that realm for the good of all mankind in this generation and the ones to come. Then, maybe, more of the world itself will insinuate itself into the heats and minds of people.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that Mercury is about to transit the sun, an event that will not be seen again until 2016. However, be warned: Looking at the sun without proper protection can cause serious damage! When this event passes, Mercury will return to the morning sky just before sunrise, though dim. Saturn is the only other planet with noteworthy viewing chances.

As always, we have some great photos in this issue, along with our wonderful secretary’s column.
 

October 2006, Volume 17, Number 10

NASA’s Vision Takes to the Road
A traveling exhibit explains the future goals of human spaceflight
By Larry Evans

Former NASA Administrator Dan Goldin once told us that “NASA doesn’t need PR. The success of our programs sell themselves.” Besides the slap in the face to all the PR staffers at NASA, this statement showed how near-sighted NASA was on public education. But lately, that trend has changed, none so visible as the agency’s new 72-foot-long, 29-foot-wide Vision for Space Exploration trailer. This trailer has exceptional hands-on displays and multi-media presentations about the future of manned spaceflight. What’s even more awesome is that the general public is incredibly enthused about what they are seeing. When OCSS does public events, we constantly receive comments and questions from people wondering why these great programs aren’t presented to the public more. Well, with our continued great work—and NASA’s beautiful new trailer—the public will get that access.

Looking Outward: “Asteroid 134340”
By Larry Evans

Pluto has been there for us as a planet for decades. School kids learned mnemonics to help them with the names of the planets—and Pluto was one of them. But now, Pluto has been stripped of its planetary status and is now simply referred to as Asteroid 134340. It could be a rather inglorious end for this planet, but is it really? The fact that we knew nothing about this planet led us to send a probe out there. And now, with its status changed, where will this heavenly body lead us next? Science is all about making guesses and changing though processes when better data comes to light. If we are to be a spacefaring civilization, we had better get used to it.

Orion: Back to the Future

Lockheed Martin won the contract to provide NASA with the next generation of manned spacecraft to push on to the moon and Mars. Originally called the Crew Excursion Vehicle (CEV), NASA decided on Project Orion. Orion will serve as the primary vehicle to orbit, as well as the International Space Station, and it’s possible it could move on to bigger roles. Grab a copy of this month’s newsletter to see some great photos.

ISS & Atlantis Transit the Sun

On Sept. 17, 2006, just 50 minutes after undocking from the International Space Station, both ISS and the space shuttle Atlantis were silhouetted against the sun. Astrophotographer Thierry Lagault from Normandie, France, snapped a truly amazing image of this occurrence. Take a look at O.C.Space, or visit Thierry’s website at www.astrophoto.fr.

To the Stars: “A Witness to History”
By Greg Little

Surgery is rarely a thing that folks look forward to. However, sometimes it can have unintended benefits, aside from curing whatever it was that sent you under the knife in the first place. Our intrepid columnist had such an occurrence, but was able to enjoy watching the launch of Atlantis and the resulting work in space by her crew. Witnessing history is always special, even when the path to that viewing can be lined with painful potholes.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that those members on the anti-manned space bandwagon due to cost issues are missing a very large point. There is a lot of money to be made in space! In order for humans to have a permanent presence in space, it will have to pay for itself. Robotic missions are a necessary part of this equation, but not the only one. John also lets us know where to find Mercury and Jupiter, plus a dim Saturn rises just past midnight on Halloween.

We have some great photos in the issue, as always. Join now so you can see them yourself!
 

September 2006, Volume 17, Number 9

Opening the Universe to Young Minds
Annual Space Day event at Longfellow Elementary is another huge success
By Geza Binger

Working with young minds eager to learn about space and science is incredibly rewarding. When children are young, that is the perfect time to get them excited about space, before other influences invade. Ivor Dawson’s Traveling Space Museum, along with Lockheed Martin, have done a fantastic job bringing space and kids together at their annual Space Day at Longfellow Elementary School in southern California. OCSS was there with displays and talks about the wonders of space—including how to use a space toilet! TSM had its Orion simulator on hand, which was quite exciting. One never knows where such outreach will take the listeners. In fact, they got to hear about one of the early pioneers with TSM, Katrina Mumaw, who was so enthused that she took her experience with space and science and is now a lieutenant in the Air Force.

Looking Outward: “The Inflationary Universe”
By Larry Evans

Scientists theorize that the universe started with rapid expansion, allowing it to become what we see around us today. The same can be said about the growing realm of space tourism. Visionaries such as Burt Rutan and Richard Branson have teamed up to form Virgin Galactic, which will take a handful of tourists on each mission to a place only trained astronauts have gone before. But what then? Ah, that’s where Robert Bigelow comes in. His plan is to have these space tourist-carrying vehicles dock with his orbiting hotels for an adventure tour that will knock your socks off (and let them float around you in your own room). Expansion is a good thing, especially when it is growing into something wonderful.

Apollo 11 Annual Celebration & Picnic

Each year, OCSS holds a summer picnic to take some time off our busy schedule, kick back some great friends, and celebrate the anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing. This year, the day was noteworthy because of the excessive heat and humidity, and also because it was probably the largest turnout yet for an OCSS picnic. Thanks to everyone who made it such a success this year, especially Mike Cutler for lending us his awning (you can never have too much shade!), and also to Arthur Kienle, who served as the Master Chef for the day. It was a special day, too, in that we had members from as far away as Iowa and even Turkey who joined the festivities. Thanks to the Hopson family and to our newest member, Buse Sengül, for joining us on this hot summer day.

To the Stars: “The Right Stuff”
By Greg Little

It’s been five years since those devastating terrorist attacks in New York, and where are we as a society? Rather than exploring the surface of Mars, we’re digging up the sands of Iraq. Our future lies beyond the stratosphere, not on the deserts of the Middle East. We are a powerful nation, and maybe it’s time we use the resources to prove it to everyone else.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

The autumnal equinox is upon us, so the nights will get longer and the days shorter for those of us in the northern hemisphere. Mars and Mercury are both up, but they are quite dim and difficult to observe. Jupiter is low and dim as well, but still worth taking a peek at. Saturn will also be up, but Venus will blow them all away, blazing at a magnitude -3.7! John also mentions that Atlantis, on mission STS-115, will deliver the P3/P4 truss segment to the International Space Station, making the station’s span 240 feet.

Take a look at our picnic photos on Page 3, only on our print addition, which you can receive by joining!
 

August 2006, Volume 17, Number 7

Astronaut as Hometown Hero
Thomas P. Stafford supports his birthplace through an Oklahoma museum
By Greg Little

Just outside Oklahoma City lies the small town of Weatherford. It’s a place where the residents are friendly, the air and ground are clean, and it’s generally a nice place to stop along Interstate 40. But the town also has the fantastic Thomas P. Stafford Air and Space Museum. Housed in its collection are an incredible amount of artifacts related to the eponymous astronaut, such as school items and memorabilia from his time in NASA, from project Gemini through Apollo, plus his Apollo Soyuz Test Project mission. A hangar holds a replica of the Wright Flyer, the Spirit of St. Louis, full-scale Apollo and Gemini spacecraft models, and a 1/16-scale model of the space shuttle Columbia. But one of the most impressive pieces—if not the most impressive—is the F-1 rocket engine that used to cluster at the bottom of the massive Saturn V rocket. This is a great place to explore!

Looking Outward: “A Patriotic Success”
By Larry Evans

There are symbols of this country that are indelible. Our flag. The bald eagle. The power of our society. But one of the most impressive perhaps of the past several decades has to be the image of the space shuttle lifting off under a bright blue Florida sky on July 4. It was pure serendipity that mission STS-121 went off on our nation’s birthday, but that does not lessen the amazing visual that it showed the world. The United States is 230 years old, and watch as we life the most powerful, beautiful piece of space hardware into the sky as ever created by man.

Diplomacy of the Planets
By Tim Cassidy-Curtis

Oaks Christian High School in Westlake, California, held a symposium focused on space and science careers, and in attendance was OCSS! Member Tim Cassidy-Curtis hosted a booth talking about his career in space science, and Ivor Dawson featured the Traveling Space Museum, including his amazing Orion simulator. The students in attendance got quite a thrill with keynote speaker Dennis Tito, who undoubtedly gave them quite a lot to think about.

To the Stars: “For Thee I Sing”
By Greg Little

How more patriotic does it get—a shuttle launch on the Forth of July, watching it live on television with family by your side. It is a great example of the freedom that our founding fathers created for us 230 years ago. To have it there embodied by a magnificent vehicle makes it all the more clear.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John congratulates NASA for the flawless launch of Discovery on STS-121, but asks readers to write to their elected officials, asking that funding for the space shuttle be increased so that it can continue flying until the Crew Exploration Vehicle is ready in 2012. John also lets us know where Jupiter is in the sky, a bright object with a magnitude of -2.1. Venus is even brighter at -4 in the pre-dawn sky, with Mercury hiding near the sun. Saturn rises as well.

Be sure to read the secretary’s column for all the happenings at our meetings.
 

July 2006, Volume 17, Number 7

ET: A New Generation
Redesigned External Tanks for the Space Shuttle are prepared for flight
By Larry Evans

Down in Louisiana, in the deep south, rests a state-of-the-art aerospace manufacturing facility charged with the manufacture of a very important yet too often overlooked piece of manned space missions. During Hurricane Katrina, this facility was damaged. But it is up and running and back to producing the space shuttle’s external tank. Larry Evans had a chance to visit this great facility and see what new designs the Michoud Assembly Facility have come up with.

Looking Outward: “Stephen Hawking and Our Future Settlement of Space”
By Larry Evans

He’s one of the best minds ever to inhabit the earth, yet his body continues to break down due to a debilitating disease. When we talk of science—and bringing science to the masses—there has been none better than Stephen Hawking. And while he gets some criticism from peers for venturing into areas such as where humans should push for exploration, at least he is out there talking about the subjects we need to hear, and doing it in a way that we can all understand.

Slow Crawl to the Pad

In preparation for the flight of a space shuttle, one of the most amazing things to watch, this side of the launch itself, is the rollout to the launch pad four to six weeks prior to the start of the mission. In our photo article is the rollout of STS-121 with the orbiter Discovery, the first segment of the journey to take seven astronauts into space in early July. Take a look at the printed issue, or visit www.mach25media.com/shuttle8.html.

To the Stars: “The Thrill of Victory”
By Greg Little

Sports are fun. They are a release from the daily grind of life. But what would another interstellar civilization think about our sporting exploits? Probably the same thing we think about them—they’re fun and exciting. Imagine what it would be like to witness dodgeball ... played with asteroids.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

Earthquakes of immense proportions. Searing heat. Winds that would make a Category 5 hurricane feel like a tropical breeze. These are just some of the forces experienced when a 30-mile diameter object slammed into earth and killed about 99 percent of all life forms. That’s why our columnist echoes Stephen Hawking’s thoughts that mankind should create permanent settlements on other planets. John also tells us where Mercury is in the night sky, as well as Saturn, Mars and Jupiter. Venus rises just before sunrise.

Our informative space calendar and great photos round out this issue.
 

June 2006, Volume 17, Number 6

Orbit Awards and ISDC
The 25th International Space Development Conference in Los Angeles
By Larry Evans

“No one laughs at the idea of private space travel or space tourism anymore,” said John Spencer, founder of the Space Tourism Society, the Orbit Awards, and an OCSS member. John was on hand during the 25th annual International Space Development Conference held at the Sheraton Gateway Hotel near Los Angeles International Airport. This ISDC not only featured the regular National Space Society tracts, but in partnership with the Planetary Society and STS, the show was the largest ever. The Orbit Awards honors achievements in private spaceflight, and this incarnation honored Mark Shuttleworth and Dr. Gregory Olsen as the second and third space tourists, respectively. They were both awarded the Dennis Tito award, named after the first space tourist—who was on hand to present the beautiful awards.

Looking Outward: “Venturing Onward”
By Larry Evans

Where do you want to go today? Don’t limit yourself to that tropical island or far-flung resort. Think about the universe ... all of it. That’s how we as humans continue to propagate the desire to explore—by wondering what it out there, then devising a way to reach it. Without exploration, without stretching humankind’s reach beyond the stars, we as a society will stagnate and die. So continue to dream, continue to wonder. That’s how we’ll continue to move forward.

To the Stars: “Searching for Answers”
By Greg Little

Who is out there? Where did they come from? Do they know we’re here? Do they care? Questions abound about the state of the universe. Indeed, wars have been fought over such questions, and religions try to answer them in their own way. But it will take us actually going out there, looking for answers. No matter the question, no matter the belief, the stars hold them.

Lots of great photos from ISDC and the Orbit Awards are featured in this issue.
 

May 2006, Volume 17, Number 5

Chasing Shadows
Half-way around the world to witness a solar spectacular in Turkey
By Larry Evans

Not many people can say they’ve been a part of a life-altering event. The birth of a child or a wedding are typical events that can alter the path of one’s life. But there are other events that can move us onto a different path. One of those events is witnessing a total solar eclipse. That’s what several members and guests of OCSS did in March with an amazing trip to western Turkey. Through an organized tour and the great help of Space Camp Turkey and Global Friendship Through Space Education, this group was able to witness one of the most amazing wonders in creation. Not only were we able to be in a position to witness totality better than almost anyone else, but we were also able to experience an area in the world marked by amazing history and sheer beauty. This was truly one of the most ambitious and successful OCSS events ever planned.

Looking Outward: “The Role of Exploration”
By Michael Griffin

NASA’s administrator shares his thoughts on exploration, originally delivered at a recent National Space Symposium. He sums up his feelings in a way that we all need to remember: “I believe the benefits to be derived from [our] program will extend well beyond our current imagination; that the benefits of exploration are an emergent property of our inquisitive human behavior.”

Turkish Solar Eclipse Tour

Although the highlight of the tour of Turkey was the solar eclipse, there were many more sights visited by our group on our 11-day trek. The printed newsletter contains a small sampling of the other exciting places from the trip—or you can visit www.mach25media.com/eclipse2.html.

To the Stars: “Our Cup Runneth Over”
By Greg Little

What would otherworldly visitors think of our planet? Surely, they would surmise, these being cannot be counted on to understand relations with aliens if they can’t even throw their trash away properly. We have done many good things in regard to caring for our environment, and yet every day, millions of people simply toss their trash onto the street or mow down acres of forest without a thought to the future—or what these actions are teaching our future generations, who will surely have to make up for our transgressions.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John points out that scientists, such as Sky & Telescope’s editor Rick Fienberg who criticize NASA’s spending on the International Space Station and space shuttle, should remember that without these programs, NASA would likely have no funding at all! There is plenty of room, John says, to work on all sorts of missions, manned or otherwise. Furthermore, how would large-scale telescopes such as Hubble be built and serviced without a vehicle such as the space shuttle? This is just another example of near-sightedness, John says.

Be sure to grab a copy of this issue to see the amazing photos of OCSS’s trip to Turkey.
 

April 2006, Volume 17, Number 4

“Rocketman”
The life and legend of astronaut Pete Conrad comes to life in a book by his widow, Nancy
By Larry Evans

Some might say he was America’s first comedian astronaut, for Pete Conrad certainly knew how to spin a story. The third man on the moon, Conrad and his Apollo 12 crew brought the country one of its best space missions. And now, his widow Nancy has written a great book of Pete’s career. That alone should be reason enough to pick it up! OCSS staffed and attended a book signing at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in San Diego at which Nancy Conrad told amazing stories of Pete’s life and career.

Looking Outward: “Water, Water, Everywhere”
By Larry Evans

It was believed that water existed elsewhere in our solar system, most likely on moons around Jupiter or Saturn. Current missions such as Mars Global Surveyor and Cassini have found interesting new data. Geysers erupting, frozen lakes under the surface and even the chance that water vapor exists have been theorized thanks to new data, and it is now that exploration must be ramped up.

Apollo 9 Lands in San Diego

The Apollo 9 Command Module, also affectionately known as Gumdrop, is now on display at the San Diego Aerospace Museum. This is the only flown manned spacecraft on the west coast, so it is definitely worth seeking out. It is currently on display in the rotunda, immediately inside the main entrance to the museum. Admission to the museum is not currently required to view the spacecraft. Apollo 9 was the first mission to test a Lunar Module in space. Gumdrop and Spider performed their duties in Earth orbit, paving the way for the lunar landings to follow.

To the Stars: “Thinking Out Loud”
By Greg Little

It’s sad: Far too many people know the names of cartoon characters or are too absorbed by their daily lives that they forget the bigger picture. There is a vast universe out there filled with wonder and possibilities, and it is that fact that must be remembered. Long after this generation, and the next, are gone, the importance of continuing our push forward in the cosmos should remain the key to the betterment of our society.

Planetarium
By John Goerger

John talks about the prosecution of Max Ary, the former head of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center who was found to be taking artifacts from the museum. John also mentions an editorial in a past issue of Sky & Telescope magazine written by editor in chief Rick Feinberg, who called for the International Space Station and the space shuttles to be scraped, obviously invoking a strong rebuttal by our columnist. Finally, John tells us where to find Mars and Saturn.

Be sure to check out the great photos in this issue!
 

March 2006, Volume 17, Number 3

Big Screen Trip to Mars
“Roving Mars,” the latest IMAX film, captures the adventure of exploration
By Larry Evans

Among the many amazing missions NASA has sent to the far reaches of the solar system, two of the most impressive are the twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. Besides the fact that these rovers carried some of the most technologically advanced pieces of equipment yet designed for interplanetary study, these missions continue to provide excitement and wonder as they operate far beyond their lifetimes. Now, we can see what these intrepid explore